Our Previous Samples

Healthcare Technology Care Coordination and Community Resources

Impact of healthcare technology on mental health and psychological issues in nursing home residents

Mental health issues are one of the significant global burdens and a rising health concern. Mental health management has been under pressure to conform to the rapidly rising technological advancements. Technological advancements are being consulted to address the worldwide mental health crisis. Digital methods of communication such as text messaging, video conferencing, record keeping, and data storage in hospital Health Information Systems (HIS) are common (Harerimana, Forchuk & O’Regan, 2019). Over the last few years, there has been an outcry due to the surge of mental health issues. Hospitals and the government have developed advanced technology to diagnose, treat, and follow up on mental health issues (Lustgarten & Elhalai, 2018). Advanced healthcare technology is set to change mental health care technology. Digital health technology emphasizes availing data, computing power, utilizing mobile technology, and networking. Healthcare technology has effectively enhanced people’s interactions and resolution of disorders involving mood and anxiety.

Healthcare technology has promoted interprofessional collaboration and effective care coordination (Ko, Wagner, & Spetz, 2018). global statistics indicate that people living with mental issues have significant problems in accessing psychological help. This is majorly because of inaccessibility to healthcare facilities and health care facilities’ deficit. The advent of healthcare technology has led to abandoning traditional care models and the adoption of new models that have led to the accessibility of mental health patients who were otherwise not accessible.

With the technological advancements, it has been possible to monitor patients while they are at home and provide consultation, prescription, and other services offered in face-to-face meetings. In addition, telehealth has been instrumental in ensuring patients are cared for in the comfort of their homes and around familiar environments. This has been instrumental in improving patients’ mental status and ensuring that healthcare facilities such as nursing homes are decongested.

Advanced therapy and sophisticated patient monitoring machines have been in the frontline, ensuring that mental health issues are conclusively managed. In addition, telehealth has been integral in managing patients with mental health issues (Park, Langellier, & Burke, 2021). Over the past few years, the diagnosis of mental conditions has gone through tremendous change. Mental issues such as Parkinson’s Disease, with significant mental health issues, can be diagnosed early and treatment initiated early, preventing comorbidities and enhancing the patients’ quality of life.

How care coordination and the utilization of community resources affect mental health and psychological issues among nursing home residents.

Care coordination is an integral part of all health services. Nurses, psychiatrists, nutritionists, doctors, physiotherapists, and other healthcare providers must coordinate during patient care, such as nursing home residents who often have various medical and psychological problems (Jones et al., 2018). The nurses assess the mental status, after which a psychiatrist reviews, confirms the diagnosis, and initiates treatment. Different studies such as Jones et al. (2018) indicate that inter and intraprofessional communication are the basis of quality care delivery. Therefore, all healthcare providers must be ready and willing to collaborate in care provision.

Community resources such as community-based care institutions, spiritual leaders, and lay consultation are essential pillars in managing mental health problems (Piercy & Zanin, 2019). When nursing home residents are catered for or referred to community-based institutions, they receive care at proximal distances to their homes. Family and friends can take care of their own in home-based care by receiving instructions on every procedure to carry out. Disorders such as depression and anxiety have been mitigated through the utilization of home-based care and telehealth.

State board nursing practice standards and/or organizational or governmental policies associated with health care technology, care coordination, and community resources.

Government policies can favor or discourage healthcare technology. Federal regulations and other responsible bodies have presented conflicting policies affecting mental healthcare significantly in the recent past. These initiatives have significantly affected the delivery of mental health services in nursing homes. The government has been integral in creating favorable environments through creating policies that favor improved healthcare delivery in areas of deficits. The Mental Health Parity Act of 1996 guides mental health practices in the U.S. (Park and Park, 2017). The National Mental Health Act, for example, authorized the improvement of the mental health of U.S. citizens through research. The research involves defining psychiatric disorders, determining their causes, diagnosis, and their best treatment. The government, through funding programs, enhances mental health practices. The government, through policies, protects patients’ rights, such as those involving coercion during the care of the mentally ill patients (Hem et al., 2018). The National Coordinator of Health Information Technology bears authority to develop health information technology that corresponds to the needs of the citizens and addresses healthcare disparities.

Further, the HITECH Act regulates healthcare technology by ensuring responsible bodies establish programs to improve health care quality, safety, and efficiency by promoting health I.T. Health information technology involves developing systems that store and avail data on the internet to all healthcare providers with authorized access. The government’s laws and regulations play a significant role in determining health care technology, care coordination, and community resources. Specifically, HITECH Act plays an integral role in ensuring that information systems used are up to date and with acceptable global standards.

Explain how nursing ethics will inform your approach to addressing the problem through applied technology, care coordination, and community resources.

Nursing practice is informed by the ICN ethical guidelines/ethical codes. Nursing ethics require that the nurse provide the best care to the patient that is holistic. Ethical issues and ethical guidelines also apply to mental health management (Lustgarten & Elhai, 2018). The principles in nursing ethics such as autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence also apply in psychiatric care. The Mental Health Act of 2017 lays down guidelines for all healthcare professionals, including nurses (Ventura et al., 2020) that must be adhered to at all times. Ethical issues such as those regarding informed consent, confidentiality, constraining patients also exist. During my practice, I shall ensure that all the rights of a patient are upheld. Exception of special situations such as when the patient is violent, will warrant the need to restrain such patients. Information concerning a mentally ill patient can be relayed to family members and other healthcare providers to ensure quality care delivery to all patients. The ICN institutes that it is the nurse’s responsibility to ensure quality, affordable and accessible care is delivered to all. As Ventura et al. (2020) assert, nursing actions should provide the best benefit to the mentally ill and least or no harm.

Community resources utilization in the management of mental health and psychological issues in nursing homes

Community resources are crucial in managing mental health and psychological issues. Community organizations help create awareness of mental health crises, prevent mental health conditions, reduce stigma and discrimination, support recovery and social inclusion (Piercy & Zanin, 2020). Different organizations that deal with mental health issues exist in the society. These organizations, for example, the JED foundation, are instrumental in providing mental and emotional healthcare management services. In addition, the American Psychiatric Association members have extensive physicians who are dedicated in providing mental health care to the society and effective treatment to mentally ill persons. According to Piercy and Zanin (2020), the psychiatric Nurses Association is a team that ensures mental health wellness by promoting health, creating public awareness, preventing mental health problems, and enhancing care and treatment of people living with mental disorders. These institutions are community mental health resources that have led to the marked increase in mental health awareness. Additionally, they have been instrumental in improving access to mental health treatment within the American society and beyond. As Piercy and Zabnin (2020) observes, community resources have been instrumental in promoting the mental health status of individuals across all socio-ecological levels.

Barriers to care coordination and community resources in mental health and psychological issues among nursing home residents.

Several barriers impede care coordination and utilization of community resources in managing mental health and psychological issues. Inadequate training of the nurses is one such problem. Nurses who lack information on current healthcare technology pose a challenge to its implementation. Many health care providers in nursing homes also lack training on interprofessional collaboration (Ralston, Andrews, & Hope, 2019). Often, health professionals without training interact poorly with the patients, making it difficult to achieve effective care coordination. Adequate training is thus a prerequisite. As Falconer, Dho and Doherty (2018) argues, most health professionals in nursing home care practice lack clearly stated and shared measurable goals, an aspect that makes collaboration difficult to achieve. At times, roles in nursing homes overlap, resulting in role and leadership ambiguity. This tends to result in conflict and thus poor interprofessional collaboration. As Curtis and Brooks (2020) observe, any organizational cultures that fails to promote communication effectively impedes healthcare delivery. When an organization is rooted in poor communication, interprofessional collaboration becomes a challenge.

Another challenge is the lack of priority in the public health agenda. According to Ralston et al. (2019), other healthcare technologies involving intensive care and reproductive health are given priority in funding over mental healthcare technology. This has resulted in the failure to implement many technological advancements due to a lack of funding. The effect is derailed mental health service access and provision. Arguably, mental healthcare technology should be given equal priority in funding (Curtis and Brook, 2020). Health information systems (HIS) installation costs have been the major factor impeding the implementation and utilization of such technologies. Running the health information systems requires skills and expertise, which are achieved through training. Nurses in nursing homes require training associated with high health costs. The challenges on installation costs, maintenance costs, and training of staff have had a negative impact on the utilization of HIS for the management of mental illnesses and mentally ill patients.

Benefits of care coordination and utilization of community resources.

Falconer et al. (2018) note that care coordination leads to improved patient experiences and health outcomes. With adequate care coordination, effective and safe care is delivered to the patients. Medical errors such as wrong diagnosis, medication errors, and patient identification errors are eliminated when care is well-coordinated (Falconer, et al., 2018). The utilization of community resources is integral in managing mental health patients. Community institutions offer affordable services to the patients and reduce healthcare costs to both the community and the system. Patients tend to have access to adequate care while around their relatives, a practice that promotes mental health outcomes. Community resources bridge the gaps in minimizing mental healthcare disparities by availing affordable, effective, and accessible healthcare.

Telehealth is one of the leading healthcare technologies used in delivering mental health services (Groom et al., 2017). Nursing home residents can be taken care of while in the comfort of their homes. This initiative, however, faces myriad challenges such as technology incompetence. Nursing home residents are majorly geriatrics who do not know about advanced healthcare technology. Most of the families are also not familiar with healthcare technology advancements. Therefore, the implementation of telehealth in managing these patients is a considerable challenge. Thus, while health information systems are integral in managing all healthcare services, there is need for effective training for both the caregiver and the patient or patient families on their efficient use.

Conclusion

As illustrated above, healthcare technology has an integral role to play in the management of mental health illnesses. Care coordination, interprofessional collaboration, and utilization of community resources are integral in managing mental health and psychological issues. Despite their import, the current study has revealed that different factors impede the adoption and use of healthcare technology in mental health management, among them being inadequate funding. Nevertheless, there is need to fully embrace healthcare technology advancements since the benefits outweigh the risks not only in the management of psychiatric illnesses, but across the healthcare sector.

References

• Curtis, K., & Brooks, S. (2020). Digital health technology: factors affecting implementation in nursing homes. Nursing Older People, 32(2). https://10.7748/nop.2020.e1236
• Falconer, E., Kho, D., & Docherty, J. P. (2018). Use of technology for care coordination initiatives for patients with mental health issues: a systematic literature review. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 14, 2337. https://dx.doi.org/10.2147%2FNDT.S172810
• Groom, L. L., McCarthy, M. M., Stimpfel, A. W., & Brody, A. A. (2021). Telemedicine and Telehealth in Nursing Homes: An Integrative Review. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/15258610
• Harerimana, B., Forchuk, C., & O’Regan, T. (2019). The use of technology for mental healthcare delivery among older adults with depressive symptoms: a systematic literature review. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 28(3), 657-670. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12571
• Hem, M. H., Gjerberg, E., Husum, T. L., & Pedersen, R. (2018). Ethical challenges when using coercion in mental healthcare: a systematic literature review. Nursing Ethics, 25(1), 92-110. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0969733016629770
• Park, S., Langellier, B. A., & Burke, R. E. (2021). Telehealth benefits offered by Medicare Advantage plans in 2020. Medical Care, 59(1), 53-57. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000001408
• Park, J. I., & Park, H. J. (2017). Critical review on amendment bill of Mental Health Act. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 56(1), 1-9. http://doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2017.56.1.1

Heart Failure Clinic Resource Planning Sample Paper

Health is an essential requirement for human beings, yet the resources for health are scarce. Making use of the available resources effectively to achieve set goals is important to lower the cost of health. Good management skills are required to help in achieving high-quality care with limited resources. The major resources required in health include health care providers, capital for services, equipment to provide services, and medications for a prescription.

Health care providers including nurses must be sufficient to provide quality services (Genovese et al., 2017). Resources such as medications and machinery must be provided for proper service delivery. The available capital must be used by health needs to ensure high-quality care at an affordable cost. this paper will address evidence-based management strategies for resourcing health care services, budget plans, staffing strategies, accountability tools, and evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of care.

Evidence-Based Management Strategies for Resourcing Healthcare Services

The scarcity of resources to satisfy the needs of the sector of health requires planning and strategizing excellently to achieve maximum effect. Having a good and excellent strategy helps in reducing costs while offering high-quality services. Coming up with an excellent resource plan involves steps including identifying stakeholders, analyzing gaps, determination of the resource mix, and training of key staff members. Needs should be prioritized and the most important one should be acquired. Goods that are affordable and offer maximal benefits should be purchased first.

Collaboration and communication with healthcare providers at different levels help in identifying the important needs thus guides decision-making (Moss et al., 2019). One model that has contributed immensely in strategizing for resourcing health care needs is the use of the Procurement group. The procurement group comes up with set guidelines on the important products while considering the low preference matters.

The procurement groups help in assessing alternative products that are less expensive while most efficient according to needs. For example, in a setting where there is a need of upgrading the healthcare equipment, the procurement group will advise purchasing the best alternative while organizing for the repair and maintenance of the existing equipment. This will ensure that services are offered without interruption and enhance customer satisfaction.

Effective collaboration between the procurement group and the health care providers will help in prioritizing needs and enhance decision-making. Involving other healthcare providers in the decision-making process regarding the organization motivates them and ensures that their needs are met. This model was used in a regional non-profit system in the United States (Moss et al., 2019).

The procurement group involved the physicians in discussing the procurement of medicines and other equipment for patient care. the physicians helped in identifying high preference needs that were required. The organization ended up saving 12% of its anticipated budget while more products were purchased. The excellence of the procurement group on reducing cost is evident that it is beneficial resourcing for health care that should be adopted.

Management and Accountability Tools.

For the success of an organization then, the leadership must be effective in offering directions, making decisions, and ensuring accountability. Budget is important in predicting expenditure based on o income. A budget must be realistic and aimed at achieving a set objective (Randhawa & Jackson, 2020). Expenditure must balance with income to avoid the creation of debts. Expenditures are incurred on purchasing goods, paying salaries, and paying for services.

Accountability is an essential element in management and ensures that every scenario is explained. An internal audit is a tool used in measuring accountability. It is used in the analyses of the capital collected, compared with expenditures then identifies a gap. Transparency and accountability are important in building trust thus the success of the interaction. Patients will most likely choose services that transparent.

Health outcomes of the patient based on mortality, morbidity, readmissions, and recovery are important in measuring the effectiveness of healthcare delivery plans. The effective health care plan is characterized by increased recovery, reduced readmission rates, decreased cases of morbidity and mortality (Genovese et al., 2017). Assessing the various outcome will help to account for the effectiveness of the delivery plan or the need to elevate standards. Having a qualified effective staff is vital in achieving the goals of proper care delivery.

Evidence-Based Staffing plan

Heart failure patients have extensive needs that must be addressed to enhance positive health outcomes. Enough and equipped nurses must be available to offer care to patients (Griffiths et al., 2018). In the presence of inadequate nurses, the quality of services attributed to fatigue and work overload thus reduces morale.

Asses Management System offers the guidelines for ensuring the acquisition of highly competent persons for the correct job. The availability of many nurses does not necessarily mean that services will be excellent; commitment and alertness are required in offering services. Therefore, nurses who are competent enough should be recruited (Griffiths et al., 2018). Once recruited, then continuous training and mentoring should be done to equip them with more knowledge that elevates their skills.

Motivating the staff and allocating more time for rest improves morale and increases the work rate. The American Nurses Association came up with guidelines on the number of hours should work in a day. It encourages working in shifts and having time off between work. Nurses who are motivated will offer quality services to the patients including education and follow-up that will aid in better health outcomes of patients.

Cost-effective Care

Everyone has a right to receive care at any hospital of their choice. The increasing cost of care makes some patients forego care. Insurance policies given to patients enable them to access care without any hindrance. Health Care Reform Act focuses on the provision of health insurance, support innovation in care delivery, and reducing the cost of care while stressing the provision of high-quality care. The act has led to increased health outcomes attributed to ease of access to care.

Uninsured patients from low socioeconomic classes will likely not seek care on time due to a lack of funds. A cost-effective and patient-centered approach should be used when offering care to noninsured patients. The clinician must assess the patient based on presenting illness and make decisions that are in the best interest of the patient (Couri & Aronsohn, 2020). Reduction of expenses, contacting a charity program, and referrals are some of the decisions that will guide treatment. Charity programs help in supporting the medical bills of needy patients.  Consideration to cut down expenses on the care of the patient can be used, to ensure quality care is offered at a reduced cost.

Conclusion

Resources are limited as compared to ever-increasing health needs. Effective management strategy is vital in realizing the success of an organization. The procurement group is important in strategizing and coming up best available alternatives that help in reducing cost. staffing should be based on quality rather than just quantity. Cot effective care should be offered to uninsured patients to aid in compliance with treatment and follow-up.

References

• Couri, T., & Aronsohn, A. (2020). You can’t have one without the other: Innovation and ethical dilemmas in gastroenterology and hepatology. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology: The Official Clinical Practice Journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2020.05.024
• Genovese, U., Del Sordo, S., Pravettoni, G., Akulin, I. M., Zoja, R., & Casali, M. (2017). A new paradigm on health care accountability to improve the quality of the system: four parameters to achieve individual and collective accountability. Journal of Global Health, 7(1), 010301. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.07.010301
• Griffiths, P., Recio-Saucedo, A., Dall’Ora, C., Briggs, J., Maruotti, A., Meredith, P., Smith, G. B., Ball, J., & the Missed Care Study Group. (2018). The association between nurse staffing and omissions in nursing care: A systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 74(7), 1474–1487. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13564
• Moss, R. J., Batista, A., Makridaki, D., Süle, A., & Kohl, S. (2019). Procurement. European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. Science and Practice, 26(3), 173–174. https://doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2018-001822
• Randhawa, G. K., & Jackson, M. (2020). The role of artificial intelligence in learning and professional development for healthcare professionals. Forum Gestion Des Soins de Sante [Healthcare Management Forum], 33(1), 19–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0840470419869032

Heart Failure Clinic Resourcing Care Coordination Plan

Readmission after hospitalization due to heart failure is becoming common (Bradley et al., 2018). Readmission leads to higher costs of management of the condition, increasing the number of complications that could have been otherwise manageable (Bradley et al., 2018). Some activities such as patient follow-ups and patient education have proven to be some of the working approaches towards ensuring that there is reduced readmission among heart failure patients (Bradley et al., 2018). Unfortunately, there are fewer comprehensive care plans to help people with heart failure after admissions. This paper provides a care coordination plan to prevent readmission of heart failure patients.

Evidence-based Care Coordination Plan

An evidence-based approach to care emphasizes the use of the best evidence available to manage the patient. It involves the consultation between the patient and the healthcare professional to give patient-centered care that is best suited for the patient. Heart failure has a range of etiologies which means that every patient might need an approach that best suits their etiologies. The causes can be classified broadly into underlying causes, fundamental causes, genetics of cardiomyopathy, and precipitating causes (Canepa et al., 2018). The workup plan for people with heart failure is also diverse, which shows that every patient should be approached differently. Heart failure is a condition that has many symptoms and is characterized by difficulty in management and diagnosis (Halatchev, McDonald & Wu, 2021). Therefore, efforts towards its management require the input of various professionals who are interested in managing its complications and symptoms. A good plan for patients with heart failure should be centered on the patient.

Heart failure management procedure will involve the determination of the patients with the acute and chronic cares of heart failure. Patients with acute heart failure may require faster attention than the patient with the chronic heart failure as their conditions could be worsening at a higher rate as compared to patients with chronic conditions. The treatment of the patients who present to the hospital for the first time will include stabilizing the patient, determining the etiology, and then discharging the patient. On discharge, the patient will be educated on the appropriate management techniques, which include medication, diet, and health-seeking behavior. A good follow-up plan will be established to help in assisting patients before they develop complications from the condition. New admission that is made after the conditions have advanced can be devastating and may prompt frequent readmissions. Therefore, a community reach-out plan and free screening will be in place to ensure that the conditions are diagnosed early.

A good team is necessary to ensure lesser cases of readmissions. The management of the patient will include care coordinators, nutritionists, clinical pharmacists, self-care educators and trainers, group education for the patients, and social workers. Nutritionists will be interested in the patient diet to ensure that they have an acceptable diet for their conditions. The educators and trainers explain the importance of having a different lifestyle to ensure that the life of heart failure patients is prolonged. Pharmacists determine the right medications that will help the patients and the appropriate management for the possible side effects.

The team involved in the management of patients with heart failure is activated during the patient’s index admission. The activation helps the team notice the presence of new patients, their unique risk factors and decide on the most appropriate management approach. Informing the team ensures that the team is prepared for the management of the patient in time. The hospital is expected to have an electronic healthcare system that gives alerts to all the members of the team on the new patients and the probable need of their efforts towards patient management. The electronic health records are also retrieved and are easier to access whenever one wants to handle a patient at a time. The coordination should be possible within a day due to the ease of communication through an electronic system.  The process will include lifetime patient care to ensure that the patient details are always taken care of at a time.

Professional standards in the Care Coordination Plan

Professional standards include the judgment of the clinical safety that is involved by the procedures taken towards offering care to the patients. The nursing profession outlines that having the professional standards put in check is one of the key ways towards ensuring that the service provided is of the required approaches. The advantage of the approaches is that it outlines the specific standards required in offering professional practice services. The important professional standards include the determination of the members’ expectations, promotion of professional practice through self-assessments, and the evaluation of the stakeholders through standard procedures. The standards also help determine the line within which various competencies are supposed to be developed.

The people involved in the management of the patients should be able to meet the characteristics of professionals. The professionals need to have a verifiable mastery of the theoretical knowledge of the cases, have received formal training, and are aware of the punishment against the unethical practice procedures. They are also made to know that they are responsible for the in-competencies in providing care in the most appropriate ways (Rubio-Navarro et al., 2019). The best approaches include determining the extent to which various procedures and approaches that people are likely to choose to be associated with at a particular time. The approaches towards the determination of the right procedures should also have continuous public acceptance.

Professional accountability is also an important segment in ensuring the effectiveness of the procedures (Rubio-Navarro et al., 2019). The professionals in the procedure will have a record to report their follow-up plans and activities. The approach ensures that the professionals involved are accountable and responsible for ensuring a good patient follow-up plan. The approaches include determining how well various types of activities that people choose to get involved in help ensure that there is an improved professional involvement. The process of determination of the success of the coordination plan will depend on the overall patient readmissions. One of the key entities to measure is to determine whether the objectives are achieved. The process includes determining the efforts towards ensuring that the professional objectives are achieved from time to time.

In conclusion, readmission is the major problem in the management of patients with heart failure. Evidence based practise may help in reducing the cases of readmission and the probable complications of heart failure as it focus on determining patient centered approach to care. Nurses, pharmacists, physicians and social workers are some of the key entities in the team to help the patients.  Professionalism is important in the process to ensure the administration of patient care in an appropriate manner.

References

• Bradley, S., Rush, P., Wolf, K., Rahmatullah, A., Braun, R., & Samara, M., Bank, A. J., Bergeson, S., Gunderson, W., Strauss, C. E., Witt, S., Hutchinson, M., Tong, T. C., Mueller, D., Eckman, P. & Kubo, S. H. (2018). Improving Value Through Heart Failure Care Coordination: The Allina Health Experience. Journal Of The Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, 2(2), 9-13. https://doi.org/10.21925/mplsheartjournal-d-18-00011
• Canepa, M., Fonseca, C., Chioncel, O., Laroche, C., Crespo-Leiro, M., & Coats, A. J. S., Mebazaa, A., Piepoli, M. F., Tavazzi, L., Maggioni, A. P., Crespo-Leiro, M., Anker, S., Mebazaa, A., Coats, A., Filippatos, G., Ferrari, R., Maggioni, A. P., Piepoli, M. F., Amir, O. … Thebault, C. R. (2018). Performance of Prognostic Risk Scores in Chronic Heart Failure Patients Enrolled in the European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Long-Term Registry. JACC: Heart Failure, 6(6), 452-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2018.02.001
• Halatchev, I., McDonald, J., & Wu, W. (2021). A patient-centred, comprehensive model for the care for heart failure: the 360° heart failure centre. Retrieved 10 June 2021, from.http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2019-001221
• Rubio-Navarro, A., Garcia-Capilla, D., Torralba-Madrid, M., & Rutty, J. (2019). Ethical, legal and professional accountability in emergency nursing practice: An ethnographic observational study. International Emergency Nursing, 46, 100777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2019.05.003

HHS 265 Capstone Discussion Question

HHS 265 Capstone Discussion Question

Why is it important for a human service professional to be familiar with financial management?

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You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized.

Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.

Use a standard 10 to 12-point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages. How do Eating Disorders affect people long term?

Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.

The paper must be neatly formatted, and double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting a hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print it out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS

Discussion Questions (DQ)

Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, including a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.

Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.

One or two-sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.

Weekly Participation

Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.

Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.

APA Format and Writing Quality

Familiarize yourself with the APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc.

Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.

Use of Direct Quotes

I discourage the overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Master’s level and deduct points accordingly. As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources.

Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content. It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.

LopesWrite Policy

For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
Once you have received your report, please review it.

This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something?

Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own? Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is a 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies. Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice.

We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect. I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.

As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:
Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.

Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

High Risk Nutritional Practices Sample Paper

The penchant for food is unique and varies from one individual or culture to the other. Further, food acceptance, habit or preference is a complex human nature determined by various factors. Among the factors include psychological, biochemical, physiological, educational, and social (Reddy & Anitha, 2015). Despite the multiple factors determining food habits, culture is considered a significant determinant. Majority of the people consider nutrition as cultural. According to Ray (2016), culture is defined as customs, values, habits and attitudes that seamlessly and inadvertently become part of a person since childhood.

Similarly, food habits are considered part of culture, and cannot be changed easily, or if forcibly changed can result into various unprecedented and unwelcome reactions (Reddy & Anitha, 2015). To effectively deal with the culturally diverse communities, a healthcare provider must be culturally adaptable. Knowledge on food culture therefore becomes pertinent (Reddy & Anitha, 2015). The purpose of this paper is to describe high risk nutritional behaviors among different cultures, and to elucidate in retro back, the history of such habits. Further, the role of healthcare practitioners in caring for the individuals with diverse nutritional cultures is explored.

The High Risk Nutritional Behaviors

            The selection and classification of food varies across cultures. Common classifications include edible or inedible foods, and heavy or light foods (Reddy & Anitha, 2015). Further, other cultures bestow special symbolic references to certain foods and unleash them only during social gatherings, ceremonial functions or during festive seasons (Reddy & Anitha, 2015). Others also believe it is unethical and unholy to eat some foods, an aspect that contributes to the existence of various nutritional behaviors. Below we explore some of the nutritional beliefs and behaviors observed in selected cultures and societies.

Hinduism and Malnutrition

            Many scholars have termed Hinduism as the world’s oldest religion and culture. Majority of the Hindus live in India. While cattle have multiple benefits in a society, they hold a special and significant position among the Indians. Hinduism considers cattle as sacred and prohibit slaughtering (Reddy & Anitha, 2015). Due to the religious feelings against slaughtering of cows, less people eat meat (Reddy & Anitha, 2015). This implies that the majority of Indians are vegetarians. Since deficiency of protein rich foods is often associated with protein energy malnutrition, the culture can explain why malnutrition remains high in India despite the sustained economic growth in the past bidecade (Khan & Mohanty, 2018).

Hinduism is a typical case where food selection causes a high risk nutritional behavior. In this case, the selection is informed by religious practices. Malnutrition is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In Karnataka, a state in India, a study by Ansuya et al. (2018) found that the prevalence of malnutrition remains high at 41%. Many children as per the study were stunted, wasted and underweight. These results came after skyrocketing growth of the Indian economy, which pointed the malnutrition problem towards attributing factors other than socio-economic status. Religion practices and cultural selection of food thence contribute to high risk nutritional behaviors.

American Culture and Obesity

            In the United States, obesity is a public health concern that continues to attract debate. The prevalence has risen steadily, from 19.45% in 1997 to 31.4% in 2017 (Hamdy, 2020). Obesity is a condition of both adults and children. The statistics further reveal that 37.5 million males and 40.6 million females above the age of 20, and 12.5 million children and adolescents are obese (Hamdy, 2020). These statistics provide evidence that obesity is a substantial health problem affecting a significant US population. Part of the American culture, particularly the eating habits, contributes to the condition. The dramatic rise in fast food restaurants in the US that offer fatty foods such as butter, cream, fried varieties, and sweetened drinks cause massive consumption of such foodstuff (Kumanyika, 2018). The foods are high in calories, therefore contributing to the etiology of obesity.

Further, Kumanyika (2018) notes that the sedentary lifestyle among the Americans, staying on computers and televisions for a long time, and ignoring physical fitness is a causative factor. This culture stems from early life, for example, in high school where few students participate in extracurricular activities such as athletics and football (Kumanyika, 2018). Further, some ethnic groups among Americans regard food as central to family gatherings, and failure to consume large amounts is considered as being antisocial or rude (Kumanyika, 2018). Unhealthy as this practice may seem to be, its persistence within the American society does explain why obesity prevalence has continued to rise.

Dental Caries in Eritrea

            The etiology of dental caries is multifactorial. In a Venn diagram representing dental caries etiology, nutrition plays a significant role. In addition to the host factors and microbes, nutritional habits determine the prevalence of dental caries among different cultures (Reddy & Anitha, 2015). Eritrea is a low income country in Africa with a high prevalence of dental caries disease and with a slow progress towards its prevention and control (Andegiorgish et al. 2017). In a study of 225 participants, 176 (78%) had at least a carious tooth or a previous history of the same (Andegiorgish et al. 2017). Further, on inquiry about dental hygiene, 28.1% reported to clean their tooth once daily while 19.1% did it twice a day; the rest either had no history of cleaning their tooth or performed oral cleaning using chew sticks (Andegiorgish et al. 2017).

According to Andergiorgish et al. (2017), oral hygiene is a determinant of dental caries in nearly all populations. In addition to the poor oral hygiene, the study found that water in the urban area had sub optimal fluoride levels (0.28ppm). A minimum of fluoride content in water that reduces dental caries is 1ppm (Andegiorgish et al. 2017). Parents play a significant role in determining oral hygiene of their children; therefore, a parental attitude which is culturally dependent contributes to the prevalence of dental caries (Reddy & Anitha, 2015). In Eritrea, the prevalence of the dental caries disease is attributed to dietary behaviors, dental hygiene practices, water quality, parental attitudes, and cultural differences.

Historical Perspectives of the High Risk Behaviors

Culture is usually deeply entrenched effortlessly within an individual as newborns readily adopt the same customs, beliefs or traditions from their parents. Food, being one of the oldest domains of culture, similarly becomes part of a person from childhood (Reddy & Anitha, 2015). In history, vegetarianism among Indians predates history. Various factors including religion support the meatless culture among Indians. Motivations for the meatless way of life in India include the Dharmic law, also known as the law of non-injury; and Karmic consequences, which argues that all actions have karmic consequences including inflicting pain and injury on other creatures have dire consequences.

Further, spiritual reasons that stipulate that ingestion of meat affects one’s consciousness, peace and emotions also explain the meatless culture. An additional factor includes the health reason-vegetables are easily digested and provide diverse nutrients (Croxford & Itsiopoulos, 2020). Further, evidence-based research confirms that vegetables improve the functionality of a person’s immune system and that vegetarians tend to live longer (Croxford & Itsiopoulos, 2020). All these factors contribute to the meatless culture among Indians that in turn denies majority the access to protein-rich food, hence the high prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition.

In the history of America, different authors have shown a continuous rise in the caloric intake across decades. As aforementioned, the rise in the fast-food restaurants is a causative factor of increased caloric intake (Popkin & Reardon, 2018). The rise in the prevalence of obesity can not only be attributed to biological aberrations but also environmental and lifestyle behaviors. According to Popkin and Reardon (2018), American population before the 1970s had little food-associated comorbidities compared to present population.

However, with the invention of fast foods, and increased intake of sweetened drinks and oils, comorbidities such as obesity and various cardiovascular diseases have risen (Popkin & Reardon, 2018). Popkin and Reardon (2018) further note that the American way of cooking had always been home-based until the fast-food restaurants became the modern culture. In their study, Popkin and Reardon (2018) note that sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) consist most of Latin Americans meal. All these factors are termed as high risk nutritional behaviors and contribute to the etiology of obesity.

In Eritrea, dental caries has been a commonly reported disease with high morbidity particularly in the outpatient department. In the years 2013 and 2014, the World Health Organization ranked dental caries as the highest morbid disease (Andegiorgish et al., 2017). Further, in 2011, 2012, 2015 and 2016, it was ranked as the highest reported disease (Andegiorgish et al., 2017). The statistics provide evidence that dental caries has continually been a problem in Eritrea. Part of this, as described by Andegiorgish et al. (2017), is attributed to the poor oral hygiene and the quality of water. Being that children learn best from the parents, the culture of poor oral hygiene, which is a high-risk nutritional behavior, becomes internalized in members of the population from early stages of life.

Role of Healthcare Provider

            Healthcare providers have a role to play in caring for patients from diverse cultures. The high-risk nutritional behaviors can be detrimental, hence the need for nurses with basic knowledge on cultural diversity. Cessation of the behaviors largely requires health promotion education. Nurses play a significant role in educating patients on healthy eating habits (Kurnat-Thoma et al., 2017). Some of the healthy eating education to obese patients include limiting sugar sweetened beverages and fast foods. Additional education involves increasing physical activity. According to Kumanyika (2018), the high prevalence of obesity in America is partly attributed to the culture of physical inactivity. The physical inactivity is due to prolonged hours of staying on computers and televisions (Kumanyika, 2018). Prescription of physical fitness therefore helps in mitigating the prevalence.

Nurses’ knowledge on health informatics is also crucial during patient education. For example, remote patient monitoring (RPM) has recently been a massive technology in healthcare, used in management of patients with chronic conditions. Management of obesity, a chronic metabolic condition, similarly requires RPM such as smart watches. The smart watches can record and observe patients’ behaviors, therefore improving physical fitness adherence. Due to the importance of nutrition in healthcare, current nursing curriculum integrates nutritional education. This has led to the emergence of a special specialty within nursing known as nutrition and dietetics. These nurses have knowledge and skills in evaluating patients’ eating habits and designing a personalized dietary plan.

According to Kurnat-Thoma et al. (2017), patients with such conditions as obesity, diabetes, malnutrition, inflammatory bowel diseases and unconscious patients require services of a nutritionist. Nurses also help in treating patients with drug and alcohol addictions. The initial step towards management of such patients includes education on the harmful effects of drugs (Kurnat-Thoma et al., 2017). In case the patients develop psychiatric conditions, nurses manage their psychosocial issues using both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapeutic interventions (Kurnat-Thoma et al., 2017). This therefore means that knowledge on food, culture, anthropology and clinical practice is vital for healthcare providers.

Conclusion

High risk nutritional behaviors involve the acts that increase the chances for various medical conditions. Food habit, being a cultural domain, varies from one community to the next, often with extensive negative or positive implications on health. For instance, food considered as holy in one community might be unholy in another community or culture. Few selected cultures with high risk nutritional behaviors include the Indians, Americans and Eritreans.

While Indians are vegetarians and have high prevalence of malnutrition, Americans consume high calories and therefore have high prevalence of obesity. Further, due to poor oral hygiene and water quality, Eritreans have high prevalence of dental caries. As broached in this paper, nurses play a significant role in managing patients with varying nutritional behaviors, hence the need for knowledge on both pharmacotherapeutic and non-pharmacotherapeutic interventions. Most importantly, nurses engage in health promotion activities such as education on healthy diet and physical fitness, thus capable of alleviating some of the most pervasive high-risk nutritional behaviors.

References

• Andegiorgish, A., Weldemariam, B., Kifle, M., Mebrahtu, F., Zewde, H., & Tewelde, M., Husein, M., Tsegay, W. (2017). Prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among 12 years old students in Eritrea. BMC Oral Health, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-017-0465-3
• Ansuya, Nayak, B., Unnikrishnan, B., George, A., N., S., Mundkur, S., & Guddattu, V. (2018). Risk factors for malnutrition among preschool children in rural Karnataka: a case-control study. BMC Public Health, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5124-3
• Croxford, S., & Itsiopoulos, C. (2020). Cultures, beliefs and food habits. Food and Nutrition Throughout Life: A comprehensive overview of food and nutrition in all stages of life, 51.
• Hamdy, O. (2020). Obesity: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology. Emedicine.medscape.com. Retrieved 22 January 2021, from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/123702-overview.
• Khan, J., & Mohanty, S. (2018). Spatial heterogeneity and correlates of child malnutrition in districts of India. BMC Public Health, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5873-z
• Kumanyika, S. (2019). Unraveling common threads in obesity risk among racial/ethnic minority and migrant populations. Public Health, 172, 125-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2019.04.010
• Kurnat-Thoma, E., El-Banna, M., Oakcrum, M., & Tyroler, J. (2017). Nurses’ health promoting lifestyle behaviors in a community hospital. Applied Nursing Research, 35, 77-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2017.02.012
• Popkin, B., & Reardon, T. (2018). Obesity and the food system transformation in Latin America. Obesity Reviews, 19(8), 1028-1064. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12694
• Ray, M. (2016). Transcultural Caring Dynamics in Nursing and Health Care (2nd ed., pp. 313-316). F.A Davis Company.
• Reddy, S., & Anitha, M. (2015). Culture and its Influence on Nutrition and Oral Health. Biomedical And Pharmacology Journal, 8(october Spl Edition), 613-620. https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/757

HLT 306 Effect of Patient Education in Healthcare Assignment

Please see attached for details for the older Adult’s Patient Education Issues Essay and Interview 750-word essay plus 500 Word interview HLT 306 Effect of Patient Education in Healthcare Assignment. Thanks.

Write a 500-750-word essay on the influence patient education has in health care using the experiences of a patient. Interview a friend or family member about that person’s experiences with the health care system. You may develop your own list of questions.

Suggested interview questions:

1. Did a patient education representative give you instructions on how to care for yourself after your illness or operation?
2. Did a health care professional, pharmacist, nurse, doctor, or elder counselor advise you on your medication, diet, or exercise?
3. Who assisted you at home after your illness or operation?
4. Do you know of any assistance services, i.e., food, transportation, medication, that would help you stay in your home as you get older?

Communication and Patient Education

Multicultural Communication and Its Origins

Multicultural communication is the exchange of information, principles, and ideas between people from diverse cultural backgrounds and races. It involves understanding and respecting the differences in cultural norms, values, beliefs, and communication styles and adapting one’s communication to accommodate these differences. Back in the early 20th century, linguistic anthropologists studied different cultures and languages, and this marked the beginning of multicultural communication (Steve et al., 2020). It gained more prominence in the 1960s and 1970s, as the Civil Rights movement in the United States and other social movements worldwide brought attention to the importance of diversity and cultural understanding, especially in healthcare (Steve et al., 2020).

As globalization and migration increased worldwide, multicultural communication was adopted in many areas, including business, education, healthcare, and international diplomacy, including the adoption of Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish UN official languages. Effective multicultural communication requires knowledge of cultural differences and the ability to communicate effectively in a variety of cultural contexts (Steve et al., 2020). It also involves recognizing and addressing cultural biases and stereotypes that can hinder communication and relationships between individuals from different cultures.

Culture, Ethnicity, and Acculturation

Culture, ethnicity, and acculturation are concepts that are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings and implications for intercultural communication and understanding. Culture is the shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a specific group or society (Mason, 2019). Culture is learned and inherited through socialization and communication and shapes individuals’ perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. Culture is associated with nationality, geography, religion, language, or profession. 

Ethnicity is a shared sense of identity based on common ancestry, history, language, culture, or religion (Hamer et al., 2020). It is used to classify people based on their physical or cultural traits. Ethnicity can influence an individual’s worldview and communication style and impact their interactions with members of other ethnic groups. Acculturation is the process of adapting to a new culture or merging cultures and involves changes in attitudes, values, beliefs, behaviors, and communication styles as individuals and groups interact with members of another culture (Chen et al., 2022). 

This can occur voluntarily or involuntarily and leads to either positive or negative outcomes, depending on the circumstances and the attitudes of the individuals involved. Cultural and ethnic differences can impact communication and understanding between individuals and groups. Acculturation does play a role in shaping communication and relationship dynamics.

How Cultural and Religious Differences Affect the Health Care Professional and the Issues That Can Arise In Cross-cultural Communications

Culture influences health and healthcare through health beliefs, attitudes, behaviors, and expectations. For example, cultural values influence a patient’s decision to seek medical care and the level of trust in healthcare professionals (Shahin et al., 2019). Cultural beliefs also influence communication styles, nonverbal cues, and the interpretation of symptoms and health problems; thus, understanding cultural differences is essential to provide effective care and establish trust and rapport with patients. 

Religious beliefs also influence medical decision-making, including decisions about treatment options and end-of-life care. Additionally, nurses need to be aware of religious practices that may affect healthcare outcomes, such as fasting or the use of herbal remedies. Communication barriers related to cultural and religious differences can lead to misunderstandings, delays in diagnosis and treatment, and adverse health outcomes.

Family Culture and Its Effect on Patient Education

Family culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviors that characterize a particular family. Family culture influences how patients perceive health and illness and how they make healthcare decisions and manage their health (Kumar et al., 2019). In some cultures, healthcare decisions are made collectively by the family rather than by the individual patient. In such cases, it is important for healthcare professionals to involve family members in the education process and to address their concerns and questions. 

Cultural beliefs and values also influence patient education in terms of health behaviors and treatment preferences. For example, in some cultures, traditional herbal remedies may be preferred over conventional medicine, or certain foods may be believed to have healing properties. Understanding these beliefs and incorporating them into patient education can help to build trust and facilitate adherence to treatment plans (Kumar et al., 2019).

Approaches The Health Care Professional Use To Address Religious And Cultural Diversity

Healthcare professionals can use a range of approaches to address religious and cultural diversity, such as receiving training on cultural and religious diversity, including learning about different belief systems, customs, and values of different cultures to help to increase their awareness and understanding of cultural differences and improve communication and patient care. Other approaches include providing care that is tailored to the individual patient’s needs and preferences, taking into account their cultural and religious beliefs and values, and collaborating with community resources to provide culturally appropriate care, such as community health workers, religious leaders, or cultural associations (Beaulieu et al., 2019).

Types of Illiteracy

1. Literal illiteracy (Zhang, 2021)
2. Cultural illiteracy
3. Racial illiteracy
4. Numerical illiteracy

Illiteracy as a Disability

Illiteracy is often considered a disability because it can limit a patient’s ability to participate fully in society and to access education, employment, healthcare, and other basic services. Illiteracy can also lead to social exclusion and isolation, which can have negative impacts on mental health and well-being (Zhang, 2021). Illiteracy is considered a learning disability because it affects a patient’s ability to learn and process health information. Illiteracy is addressed through accommodations and support through specialized educational programs and assistive technologies, like text-to-speech software (Zhang, 2021).

Myths about Illiteracy

• Literacy does not have an impact on the level of health and well-being (Schulz & Nakamoto, 2022)
• The ability to read translates to literacy 
• The more the level of education, the better literacy
• Illiteracy is a problem only in developing countries
• Illiterate people cannot learn

How to Assess Literacy Skills and Evaluate Written Material for Readability

Assessing literacy skills allows nurses to understand their patients’ reading abilities and provide appropriate materials comprehensible to patients. Nurses can use screening tools, such as the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) or the Newest Vital Sign (NVS), to quickly assess patients’ reading abilities, observe patients’ behaviors during the appointment, such as how they fill out forms or read educational materials, to gain a better understanding of their reading abilities, and directly ask patients about their reading abilities (Šulinskait? et al., 2022). 

Once patient education has been performed, the nurse should evaluate the written materials for readability by using readability formulas such as the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, which provide an estimate of the grade level required to understand written materials, consider layout and design such as font size and spacing, to ensure they are easily readable, and use plain language, which is free of jargon and technical terms, to ensure that written materials are understandable to patients with varying literacy skills (Šulinskait? et al., 2022).

Ways a Health Care Professional May Establish Effective Communication

Effective communication is essential in healthcare to ensure that patients receive appropriate and accurate information and can participate in their care. Nurses should practice active listening by paying attention to patients’ verbal and nonverbal cues, asking clarifying questions, and summarizing what they have heard to ensure they have understood correctly (Haddad et al., 2023).

Other ways nurses can use to establish effective communication include using plain language, free of medical jargon, to ensure that patients can understand health information, empathizing by acknowledging patients’ emotions and concerns, which help to build trust and establish a positive therapeutic relationship, being aware of and sensitive to cultural differences that may impact communication, such as differences in communication styles, values, and beliefs, and being aware of their nonverbal communication, such as body language and tone of voice, as well as the nonverbal cues of patients, to ensure that they are communicating effectively (Haddad et al., 2023).

How Health Care Professional Can Help a Patient Remember Instructions

Helping patients remember instructions is essential for the proper management of their health and treatment plans. Healthcare professionals can help patients remember instructions by repeating instructions, using simple language, providing written instructions, using visual aids, asking patients to repeat instructions, demonstrating procedures, using memory aids, and following up with patients (Haddad et al., 2023).

References

Beaulieu, L., Addington, J., & Almeida, D. (2019). Behavior analysts’ training and practices regarding cultural diversity: The case for culturally competent care. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 12(3), 557–575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-018-00313-6

Chen, H.-Y., Jablonski, N., Chick, G., & Yarnal, C. (2022). Situating colorism in intercultural contexts: The multifaceted process of acculturation in shaping attitudes towards skin color. International Journal of Intercultural Relations: IJIR, 90, 142–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2022.08.001

Haddad, A. M., Doherty, R. F., & Purtilo, R. B. (2023). Health Professional and Patient Interaction (Amy M. Haddad, R. F. Doherty, & R. B. Purtilo, Eds.; 10th ed.). Saunders. https://books.google.at/books?id=G2y1EAAAQBAJ

Hamer, K., McFarland, S., Czarnecka, B., Goli?ska, A., Cadena, L. M., ?u?niak-Piecha, M., & Ju?kowski, T. (2020). What is an “ethnic group” in ordinary people’s eyes? Different ways of understanding it among American, British, Mexican, and Polish respondents. Cross-Cultural Research, 54(1), 28–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397118816939

Kumar, R., Bhattacharya, S., Sharma, N., & Thiyagarajan, A. (2019). Cultural competence in family practice and primary care setting. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 8(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_393_18

Mason, R. M. (2019). Culture: An Overlooked Key to Unlocking Organizational Knowledge. Washington.edu. http://faculty.washington.edu/rmmason/Publications/Mason_KM_culture_chp_preprint.pdf

Schulz, P. J., & Nakamoto, K. (2022). The perils of misinformation: when health literacy goes awry. Nature Reviews. Nephrology, 18(3), 135–136. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-021-00534-z

Shahin, W., Kennedy, G. A., & Stupans, I. (2019). The impact of personal and cultural beliefs on medication adherence of patients with chronic illnesses: a systematic review. Patient Preference and Adherence, 13, 1019–1035. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S212046

Steve, K., Liping, W., Rongtian, T., & Greg, D. (2020). Interdisciplinary History of Intercultural Communication Studies From Roots to Research and Praxis. Researchgate.net. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108854184.006.

Šulinskait?, K., Zagurskien?, D., & Blaževi?ien?, A. (2022). Patients’ health literacy and health behavior assessment in primary health care: evidence from a cross-sectional survey. BMC Primary Care, 23(1), 223. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-022-01809-5

Zhang, Q. (2021). The cost of illiteracy: A causal inference study on how illiteracy affects physical and mental health. Health Education Journal, 80(1), 54–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0017896920949894

HLT 306 Week 2 Discussions

HLT 306 Topic 2 DQ 1

Sister Mary is a patient in Level 2 Emergency Department. She must have a neural examination, physical assessment, radiographs of her facial bones, and a computed tomography scan of the head HLT 306 Week 2 Discussions. Taking into consideration that she is a Roman Catholic nun, what would be the ideal course of patient education as this woman progresses from department to department?

HLT 306 Topic 2 DQ 2

What possible reservations could a health care professional have in working with Sister Mary? (Discuss the psychosocial responses the professional might have.)

HLT 306 Homework Topic 2

1. Give examples of psychosocial factors that affect the health care professional and the effect those factors could have on patient education.
2. Give examples of psychosocial factors that affect the patient and the effect those factors could have on patient education.
3. Explain what is meant by personality styles and give examples of approaches that could be used to help the patient. Include self-perception as a factor HLT 306 Week 2 Discussions.
4. List the steps in adjustment to illness and how the patient copes with each step.
5. Explain the health professional’s role in teaching the patient at different life stages.
6. Define the role of the family in patient education.
7. How might the family influence the compliance of the patient

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HLT 306 Week 3 topic 3 – Multicultural Communication, Culture, Ethnicity, Illiteracy, and Effective Communication in Healthcare Setting

Multicultural Communication and Background

 Translation of patient education in a healthcare context where multiple cultures are identified is referred to as multicultural communication in healthcare (Horváth & Molnár, 2021). Patient heterogeneity, sociocultural context, and communication are cited as influences on health care and patient response. The need for culturally proficient healthcare results from the system’s inability to offer appropriate treatment to all sections of the population, implying that recognizing patient-physician communication is critical for developing policies for a proficient healthcare system.

The origins of multicultural communication may be traced back to commerce, travel, and communication, all of which have gotten faster and simpler, resulting in interaction between individuals from other cultures (Donnikova, 2018). Humans have discovered ways to overcome barriers owing to warfare, geographical reasons, or beliefs in maintaining ethnic purity, resulting in cultural interaction. Trade and emigration have brought individuals from all cultures and backgrounds together, making cross-cultural dialogue necessary.

Culture, Ethnicity, and Acculturation

Ethnicity is the recognition of a population based on the apparent cultural difference that elevates the group to the status of the individuals.  Language, music, morals, art, styles, literature, marriage, spirituality, tradition, cuisine, identity, and cultural history convey this diversity of ethnicity (Weinreich, 2020). Cultural extensiveness defines ethnicity as a separate collection of cultural elements perceived as revealing themselves in commonly distinctive ways over a population’s sociocultural life. Ethnic identity as a concept is often rationalized, yet people of an ethnicity display their ethnic identity in several ways based on diverse identification patterns. Individuals of one ethnicity may identify with aspects of other cultures in multicultural settings (Weinreich, 2020).

Culture is a set of common values, perceptions, social structures, and attitudes in a certain community. Acculturation refers to the process of transformation in artifacts, practices, and beliefs that occur due to interaction between two or more civilizations and the outcomes of such changes (Ward, 2020). The settings under which cultural interaction and change occur separate two basic forms of acculturation: incorporation and directed change (Ward, 2020). When individuals of diverse cultures retain interaction as well as civic and societal self-determination, incorporation ensues. When one group achieves domination over another, directed change develops.

How Cultural and Religious Variations Influence Health Practitioners and the Problems That Can Occur in Cross-Cultural Communications

Religion, faith, and culture are acknowledged as possible sources of moral significance and personal authority in healthcare, improving the well-being of both health workers and patients amid illness, rehabilitation, health, and death (Kaihlanen et al., 2019). Communication between nurses and patients, as well as communication among healthcare workers, should be attentive to the welfare implications of religion, faith, and culture. HCWs must respect patients’ religious and cultural beliefs, considering their importance in treatment and care choices (Kaihlanen et al., 2019). Nurses comprehend their views and those of others, and they believe that recognizing the value of religion, faith, and culture to patients and colleagues is beneficial for patient welfare.

Nursing’s civic responsibility includes sensitively navigating variations in patients’ religions, beliefs, and cultures. Conflicts between clinical judgment, standard practices, and a patient’s culture, religion, or belief should be carefully evaluated by the HCW and colleagues so as not to compromise patient care. The religion or culture of nurses may play an essential role in encouraging adherence to patient treatment. Conflicts between various departments, HCWs, and patients might emerge in cross-cultural communications (Würth et al., 2018).

Cross-cultural differences can worsen an already complex scenario, and cultural differences might exacerbate working under stressful situations for HCWs. In inpatient therapy and management, cross-cultural interactions can easily lead to misunderstanding (Würth et al., 2018). The HCW’s role in cross-cultural communication is to strive to bridge these gaps and develop rapport.

The Influence of Family Culture on Patient Education

The family unit has a set hierarchy in many cultures; frequently, the Father is considered the leader of the home and is accountable for most of the decision-making, including those affecting a family member’s health care. In some cultures, family transcends the nuclear family to include the community, friends, and neighbors (Mayhew, 2018). Culture is often categorized into two major groups at opposing ends of the spectrum: collectivistic and individualistic. Individual variances between the two groups also exist within any particular culture. 

The distinction between collectivistic and individualistic cultures is helpful since it allows practitioners to determine where a family stands on their cultural continuum and tailor patient care (Mayhew, 2018). Different perspectives on health, as well as treatment, diagnosis, and causation of illness, may arise from both communal and individualistic cultures. Based on a patient’s place on the cultural spectrum, incorporating the extended family in conversations regarding disease etiology, diagnosis, and treatment may be beneficial. Consent from extended relatives may be required for some diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

Approaches for Addressing Religious and Cultural Diversity in Health Care

Avoiding assumptions is a crucial strategy the HCW may utilize to address religious and cultural diversity. Nurses must be careful not to generalize about cultures with which they are unfamiliar. This can contribute to a breakdown in building a rapport between the nurse and the patient and a decrease in treatment acceptability (Walsh et al., 2021). The nurse should simply ask about something they are unfamiliar with. When asking inquiries, the nurse must ensure that her body language communicates openness and a willingness to hear the patient instead of listening for an answer.

Learning about various cultures and faiths is another essential method healthcare providers may use to address religious and cultural diversity (Walsh et al., 2021). To address religious and cultural diversity, healthcare professionals should educate patients about clinical practices (Walsh et al., 2021).

All patients, irrespective of ethnic or racial origin, must provide informed permission for any medical operation. If they are inexperienced with medical treatment, nurses are frequently tasked with communicating why the treatment is required and what to anticipate during and after the process. Additionally, patients from specific cultural origins need additional instruction on how to manage themselves at home. They may need to blend contemporary techniques with traditional customs to maintain their health; education is essential to this process.

Types of Illiteracy

Health literacy is the ability of individuals to obtain, process, and grasp basic health knowledge and services necessary for making informed health decisions.

• Cultural illiteracy arises from just not recognizing one’s past and history, as well as the histories of others.
• Functional illiteracy is a problem in which one can understand a phrase but cannot comprehend it (Adewusi, 2021). These people are often perilous because they take too simplified explanations and conclusions very seriously and can negatively impact the treatment regimen.
• Perception illiteracy-This is a type of illiteracy based on the belief that because the information was created on a trusted platform, it must be accurate, and any alternative explanations are false
• Physical illiteracy- Physically illiterate People spend much time disregarding the benefits of exercise, proper food, and nutrition (Adewusi, 2021).
• Mental illiteracy is primarily manifested by persons who do not understand the notion of mental health (Adewusi, 2021). Mental illiteracy is caused by those who believe that any mental sickness or disability can be solved with some simple, feel-good thinking.

Illiteracy as a Disability

Illiteracy is considered a disability caused by a learning disability or another physiological or cognitive impairment that significantly affects one or more important life tasks, such as reading, learning, or communicating (Nakashima, 2019). However, if a person is illiterate owing to social, cultural, or economic obstacles, illiteracy may not be considered a disability.

Myths about Illiteracy

Myth: People will tell you they cannot read (CDC, 2022). Fact: Because of the substantial social stigma associated with poor reading and writing abilities, all nonreaders will try to conceal this fact. For example, a patient may request a relative to join them at the physician’s office to assist them in filling out documents.

Myth: School years are an excellent indicator of reading level (CDC, 2022). Fact: Years of education reveal what people have been exposed to rather than what reading skills they have gained.

Evaluating Written Material for Readability and Assessing Literacy Skills

To assess health literacy to guarantee that patients completely comprehend, the nurse needs to communicate since health literacy occurs when nurses and patients fully understand one another, and the foundation of health literacy is mutual understanding. The most crucial aspect of communicating is to keep language basic and short (Wittenberg et al., 2018).

Other ways of assessing literacy skills include confirming understanding, Being creative through using images and illustrations, and elaborating on and questioning patients (Wittenberg et al., 2018). The Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) score, the first widely used instrument for assessing readability, provides a number on a scale of 0–100, with 0 being unreadable and 100 being the most readable (Szmuda et al., 2020). It is calculated by averaging the number of syllables per word and the count of phrases in each sentence.

How Nurses Establish Effective Communication

Patients are more likely to trust and rely on healthcare providers who utilize basic language everyone understands and feels at ease with. Keeping things simple by utilizing non-medical language can result in a better patient outcome and will aid in the development of trust, which is essential in a nurse-patient relationship. The nurse needs to ask the patients to repeat the essential elements of their speech to avoid misunderstanding.

Asking questions and using open-ended inquiries that can be answered simply with a Yes or No, allowing patients to reflect on their condition, discomfort, issues, and symptoms, aids in establishing communication. The Teach-Back Method, which is used to clearly and adequately communicate facts about health, is used to teach and increase knowledge and adherence in people with low health literacy (Yen & Leasure, 2019).

How Nurse Can Help a Patient Remember Instructions

Encouraging patients to take notes while listening and rereading those notes within 24 hours after a meeting can boost memory recall by up to 70%. Encouraging virtual communication where patients can interact at any time through virtual contact methods such as email or messaging also helps enforce instructions (Hoek et al., 2020). Nurses also need to provide a variety of instructional methods since people learn in various ways, including watching and listening, while others learn best by reading. Adapting teaching approaches to your patient’s learning style is vital in enhancing health retention and benefits overall patient health (Hoek et al., 2020).

References

Adewusi, D. (2021). The forms of illiteracy: All 20 types of illiteracy! Scientific Editing. https://www.scientific-editing.info/blog/the-forms-of-illiteracy/

CDC. (2022). What is health literacy? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/healthliteracy/learn/index.html

Donnikova, I. A. (2018). Moral search in multicultural communication. Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research, 0(14), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.15802/ampr.v0i14.150545

Hoek, A. E., Anker, S. C. P., van Beeck, E. F., Burdorf, A., Rood, P. P. M., & Haagsma, J. A. (2020). Patient discharge instructions in the emergency department and their effects on comprehension and recall of discharge instructions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 75(3), 435–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.06.008

Horváth, Á., & Molnár, P. (2021). A review of patient safety communication in multicultural and multilingual healthcare settings with special attention to the U.S. and Canada. Developments in Health Sciences, 4(3), 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1556/2066.2021.00041

Kaihlanen, A.-M., Hietapakka, L., & Heponiemi, T. (2019). Increasing cultural awareness: a qualitative study of nurses’ perceptions about cultural competence training. BMC Nursing, 18(1), 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-019-0363-x

Mayhew, M. (2018). How culture influences health. Kidsnewtocanada.Ca. https://kidsnewtocanada.ca/culture/influence

HLT 308 Grand Canyon University The Hospital Safety Committee Discussion

HLT 308 DQ1

Describe one of the safety committees your organization uses and how it reduces risk within your organization. Who are the general members of the group, how often do they meet, and is there a regulatory requirement that they report or publish notes? Is this a good use of the staff’s time or would another method that still addresses the safety goal of this group be more efficient?

HLT 308 DQ2

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS), and the Joint Commission (JC) require that health care organizations maintain risk management programs to address infection control. Detail three measures that your health care organization (or any health care organization) could implement, beyond what is currently in practice, to support the delivery of safe health care services and avoid the spread of infection (e.g., placing hand washing devices at all of the public entrances of the health care facility). Support your response with a minimum of two peer-reviewed references.

HLT 308 Topic 2 Week 2 Assignment Example

Risk Management Strategy: Reduction of Tobacco Smoking in the Adolescent Population

Adolescence is a vulnerable stage of growth and development due to the significant physical, emotional, physiological, and sexual changes that occur. This stage represents a unique phase of development in which adolescents are confronted with new realities about their bodies and are curious about much in their surroundings, including trying new things. Adolescents may begin smoking cigarettes and other tobacco products depending on the influence they have in their lives and surroundings. According to the CDC (2022), approximately 5.6 million Americans under the age of 18 will die as a result of a smoking-related illness in the United States, equaling one in every 13 Americans aged 17 or younger. 

Furthermore, initiation of tobacco use is primarily established during adolescence, with statistics indicating that 9 out of 10 adults who smoke cigarettes daily first try smoking by the age of 18 (CDC, 2022). To compound the issue, 1600 new youth in the United States smoke their first cigarette every day, and approximately 200 youth start smoking every day (CDC, 2022). In addition to the health risks associated with smoking, such as lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and the effects on adolescent neurocognitive development, a risk management strategy must be developed to reduce smoking in this population. The chosen strategy, which will be revealed in greater detail in the following discussion, is a primary care-feasible behavioral intervention aimed at school-aged children and adolescents under the age of 18.

Rationale

This discussion will make reference to a hospital with which I am affiliated, which I will refer to as the ZN facility, for the sake of anonymity. Even though the hospital has a preventative health division, the emphasis is on the elderly population, who are predisposed to chronic illnesses. As a result, the hospital places little emphasis on the adolescent population’s health risks; thus, there is a greater need to emphasize adolescent health and develop risk management strategies, such as the proposed primary care-feasible behavioral interventions. Implementing the risk management strategy will aid in lowering the number of adolescent populations who begin smoking and those who already smoke. Furthermore, it would reduce the health complications associated with cigarette smoking at all levels, including the local community and state, and the impact would be felt nationally if several other facilities in many states implement the intervention.

Support: Data that indicate the Need for the Proposed Risk Management Initiative

To justify the need for the proposed risk management strategy, it is critical to review the statistics on the harm caused by smoking in the target population, as well as to support the initiative’s effectiveness with evidence-based research studies. The CDC (2022) statistics indicating that 5.6 million Americans under the age of 18 will die from a smoking-related illness are already a visible indicator of the severity of the problem. Current tobacco product use among high school-aged children and adolescents was 13.4% overall in 2021, with girls at 13.8% and boys at 13.0%, and e-cigarettes accounting for the highest percentage of tobacco product use at 11.3% (CDC, 2022). 

Among middle school-aged students, the overall tobacco product use rate was 4.0%, girls (4.4%) and boys (3.6%), with e-cigarettes accounting for the highest tobacco product use rate at 2.8% (CDC, 2022). The statistics provide sufficient impetus for the quest for a risk management strategy that reduces smoking in this population to protect the health, education, and future of these school-aged children. Furthermore, the US Preventative Services Task Force et al. (2020) conclude with a moderate degree of certainty that primary care-accessible behavioral interventions such as brief counseling and education sessions have a moderate net benefit in preventing tobacco use among school-aged children and adolescents. With this certainty, the ZN facility is eager to implement the strategy.

Implementation

Before delving into the implementation phases, it is critical to understand what tobacco use entails. Tobacco use refers to the habitual consumption of a tobacco plant and its products.  The US Food and Drug Administration (2020) defines tobacco products as any product made from tobacco intended for human consumption, including but not limited to cigarettes, cigars, Hookahs, nicotine gels, smokeless tobacco, e-cigarettes, vapes, and so on. In this context, smoking refers to the act of inhaling and exhaling smoke produced by combustible tobacco products (US PSTS et al., 2020). 

The first step in implementation is determining whether or not youth use tobacco. This data is available at the county, state, and federal levels, but it can also be reported by parents or teachers who care for the adolescents. The second step entails strategies aimed at youth who do not use tobacco. Face-to-face counseling, telephone counseling, and computer-based and print-based interventions delivered by healthcare providers are all effective behavioral interventions for preventing tobacco smoking initiation in this population (Villanti et al., 2019). In the case of youths who are already using tobacco, a healthcare provider will use clinical judgment to determine which of the aforementioned interventions will be most beneficial to the individuals.

The hospital’s preventative health division will create variable prints such as stickers, activity books or guides, and newsletters with information about tobacco addiction, smokeless tobacco, and adverse health consequences. The face-to-face strategy will be the primary or component of the multimodal interventions employed. The healthcare providers can also organize a community talk attended by adolescents to educate them on the dangers of tobacco use and assign each to a peer counselor (Choi et al., 2021). The telephone call is most effective when combined with other interventions such as face-to-face and material print counseling (Karekla & Savvides, 2021). The phone calls are made weekly, say three times a week, and contact with either the parent or the youth suffices. Most studies recommend computers for intervention recipients aged 10 to 17, who can learn through interactive or web-based programs and computer screenshots.

Challenges

ZN facility may face a few challenges in implementing the risk management strategy. To begin, financial and human resources are required to facilitate the process. This may necessitate the facility to write a proposal to interested stakeholders to finance the project, which could take a long time or fail. Second, the facility’s staff is insufficient for the fieldwork, so more staff, particularly nurses, will need to be recruited to perform the behavioral counseling; this necessitates adequate funding, which is a challenge for the facility. Third, school-aged children have a busy schedule during the week and are only free on weekends. This may necessitate staff working on weekends when they are supposed to be resting.

Evaluation and Opportunities

To assess the success of the risk management initiative, a smoking health indicator report has proven to be useful. Quantitative measurements are required, for example, if the intervention lasts six months, the total number of students at the start of the intervention and the end is obtained.  Any discrepancy is noted, and the reasons for the discrepancy are discovered. Every month, the number of students who smoked cigarettes in one or more of the previous 30 days is recorded.

This serves as the numerator, while the total number of students surveyed serves as the denominator. The value obtained equals the percentage of students who smoked cigarettes on one or more occasions in the previous 30 days. This can be used to determine whether the intervention’s progress is positive or negative. Other recommended risk management improvement strategies, according to USPSTF et al. (2020), include behavioral and pharmacology. In addition, the facility may consider behavioral interventions to reduce the use of illicit drugs and non-medical pharmaceuticals in children and adolescents.

Conclusion

Adolescence is a critical stage of development, and this population requires close guidance from parents, teachers, or anyone else in their immediate environment. Teenagers are curious to try new things at this age, and statistics show that is when the majority of future cigarette smokers begin smoking. It is therefore critical to provide risk management strategies to prevent smoking initiation or help those who have begun to smoke quit. The primary care-feasible behavioral intervention proposed in this paper provides a strategy with a broad scope to help teens avoid initiating and those who have begun to stop.

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, April 14). Youth and tobacco use. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/youth_data/tobacco_use/index.htm

Choi, Y., Lee, C. M., Cho, B., Lee, E. S., Oh, S.-W., Lee, N., & Yun, J. M. (2021). Behavioral interventions for smoking cessation among adolescents: a rapid review and meta-analysis for the Korea Preventive Services Task Force. Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, 12(3), 177–186. https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0018

Karekla, M., & Savvides, S. N. (2021). Smoking cessation avatar-led Acceptance and Commitment Therapy digital intervention: feasibility and acceptability in young adults. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 11(1), 198–205. https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibz128

US Food and Drug Administration. (2020). Tobacco products, ingredients, and components. U.S. Food and Drug Administration; FDA. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/products-guidance-regulations/products-ingredients-components

US Preventive Services Task Force, Owens, D. K., Davidson, K. W., Krist, A. H., Barry, M. J., Cabana, M., Caughey, A. B., Curry, S. J., Donahue, K., Doubeni, C. A., Epling, J. W., Jr, Kubik, M., Ogedegbe, G., Pbert, L., Silverstein, M., Simon, M. A., Tseng, C.-W., & Wong, J. B. (2020). Primary care interventions for prevention and cessation of tobacco use in children and adolescents: US preventive services task force recommendation statement: US preventive services task force recommendation statement. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 323(16), 1590–1598. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4679

Villanti, A. C., Niaura, R. S., Abrams, D. B., & Mermelstein, R. (2019). Preventing smoking progression in young adults: The concept of prevescalation. Prevention Science: The Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research, 20(3), 377–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-018-0880-y

HLT 308 V Week 2 Educational Program on Risk Management – Part One: Outline of Topic Instructions

The purpose of this assignment is to create an educational program that supports the implementation of risk management strategies in a health care organization.

In this assignment, you will develop an outline for an “in?service”?style educational risk management program for employees of a particular health care organization that will then form the basis for a PowerPoint presentation in Topic 5. Select your topic for this educational session from one of the proposed recommendations or changes you suggested in the Risk Management Program Analysis – Part One assignment to enhance, improve, or secure compliance standards in your chosen risk management plan example.

Create a 500?750-word comprehensive outline that communicates the following about your chosen topic:

1. Introduction: Identify the risk management topic you have chosen to address and why it is important within your health care sector.
2. Rationale: Illustrate how this risk management strategy is lacking within your selected organization’s current risk management plan and explain how its implementation will better meet local, state, and federal compliance standards.
3. Support: Provide data that indicate the need for this proposed risk management initiative and demonstrate how it falls under the organization’s legal responsibility to provide a safe health care facility and work environment.
4. Implementation: Describe the steps to implement the proposed strategy in your selected health care organization.
5. Challenges: Predict obstacles the health care organization may face in executing this risk management strategy and propose solutions to navigate or preempt these potentially difficult outcomes.
6. Evaluation: Outline your plan to evaluate the success of the proposed risk management program and how well it meets the organization’s short-term, long-term, and end goals.
7. Opportunities: Recommend additional risk management improvements in adjacent areas of influence that the organization could or should address moving forward.

You are required to incorporate all instructor feedback from this assignment into Educational Program on Risk Management Part Two ? Slide Presentation assignment in Topic 5. To save time later in the course, consider addressing any feedback soon after this assignment has been graded and returned to you. It may be helpful to preview the requirements for the Topic 5 assignment to ensure that your outline addresses all required elements for submission of the final presentation.

You are required to support your statements with a minimum of six citations from appropriate credible sources.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

HLT 308 Topic 2 RUBRIC

Rubric Criteria

Introduction

13 points

Criteria Description

Introduction

1. 5: Excellent

13 points

An introduction is comprehensive. The submission incorporates analysis of supporting evidence as to why increased attention to the proposed risk management strategy is needed and provides specific examples of why it is important within the specified health care sector. Level of detail is appropriate.

Rationale

13 points

Criteria Description

Rationale

1. 5: Excellent

13 points

A rationale is comprehensive. The submission provides specific examples of where the proposed risk management strategy is lacking in the selected plan and provides insightful supporting evidence as to how its implementation will better meet compliance standards. Level of detail is appropriate.

Support

13 points

Criteria Description

Support

1. 5: Excellent

13 points

Support data are comprehensive. The submission incorporates an analysis of how the data indicate a need for the proposed risk management initiative. Level of detail is appropriate.

Implementation

13 points

Criteria Description

Implementation

1. 5: Excellent

13 points

Implementation strategies are comprehensive. The submission provides specific actionable steps by which the selected health care organization can implement the proposed risk management initiative. Level of detail is appropriate.

Challenges

13 points

Criteria Description

Challenges

1. 5: Excellent

13 points

Possible challenges to the risk management implementation are comprehensive. The submission provides specific relevant examples of solutions for navigating or preempting predicted obstacles. Level of detail is appropriate.

Evaluation

13 points

Criteria Description

Evaluation

1. 5: Excellent

13 points

Evaluation strategies are comprehensive. The submission provides specific examples of how the evaluation plan will assess alignment with the short-term, long-term, and end goals of the risk management program. Level of detail is appropriate.

Opportunities

19.5 points

Criteria Description

Opportunities

1. 5: Excellent

19.5 points

Additional risk management opportunities are described comprehensively, with detailed support for the recommended changes. Level of detail is appropriate.

Thesis Development and Purpose

6.5 points

Criteria Description

Thesis Development and Purpose

1. 5: Excellent

6.5 points

Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.

Argument Logic and Construction

6.5 points

Criteria Description

Argument Logic and Construction

1. 5: Excellent

6.5 points

Clear and convincing argument presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.

Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, and language use)

6.5 points

Criteria Description

Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, and language use)

1. 5: Excellent

6.5 points

The writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.

Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)

6.5 points

Criteria Description

Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)

1. 5: Excellent

6.5 points

All format elements are correct.

Documentation of Sources

6.5 points

Criteria Description

Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style

1. 5: Excellent

6.5 points

Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error. Research and citations are supportive of the rationale presented. Sources are distinctive. Addresses all of the issues stated in the assignment criteria.

HLT 306V Advanced Patient Care

HLT 306V Advanced Patient Care

HLT 306V Advanced Patient Care Full Course Discussions GCU

HLT 306V Topic 1 DQ 1

Alma Faulkenberger is an 85-year-old female outpatient sitting in the waiting room awaiting an invasive pelvic procedure. The health care professional who will assist in her procedure enters the room and calls “Alma.” There is no reply so the professional retreats to the work area HLT 306V Advanced Patient Care.

Fifteen minutes later the professional returns and calls “Alma Frankenberg.” Still no reply, so he leaves again. Another 15 minutes pass and the professional approaches Alma and shouts in her ear, “Are you Alma Frankenberg?” She replies, “No I am not, and I am not deaf either, and when you get my name correct I will answer you.”

Using the topic 1 materials, develop a plan to help Alma be compliant with the procedure and post-treatment medication. Also, describe the approach you would take to patient education in this case.

HLT 306V Advanced Patient Care Topic 1 DQ 2

How would you use collaboration to assist in compliance with a patient as difficult as Alma?

HLT 306V Topic 2 DQ 1

Sister Mary is a patient in Level 2 Emergency Department. She must have a neural examination, physical assessment, radiographs of her facial bones, and a computed tomography scan of the head. Taking into consideration that she is a Roman Catholic nun, what would be the ideal course of patient education as this woman progresses from department to department?

CLICK HERE TO ORDER YOUR HLT 306V Advanced Patient Care

HLT 306V Topic 2 DQ 2

What possible reservations could a health care professional have in working with Sister Mary? (Discuss the psychosocial responses the professional might have.)

HLT 306V Advanced Patient Care Topic 3 DQ 1

Discuss a patient of another culture. How can the health care professional communicate in presenting patient education? Consider language, family, cultural differences, and method of communication.

HLT 306V Topic 3 DQ 2

Compare and contrast culture, ethnicity, and acculturation.

HLT 306V Advanced Patient Care Topic 4 DQ 1

How has the patient’s control over his own health care changed?

HLT 306V Topic 4 DQ 2

What part does negotiation play in patient education?

HLT 306V Topic 5 DQ 1

Using the NIH website, how would you describe CAM and the typical person who uses CAM?

HLT 306V Advanced Patient Care Topic 5 DQ 2

What are the percentages of people using CAM with prayer and those who do not?

HLT 306V Full Course Assignments GCU

HLT 306V Advanced Patient Care Topic 1 Homework GCU

Write a short (50-100-word) paragraph response for each question. This assignment is to be submitted as a Microsoft Word document.

1. Define patient compliance and explain its importance in your field.
2. Identify the health care professionals’ role in compliance and give examples of ways in which the health care professional may actually contribute to noncompliance.
3. Compare compliance and collaboration.
4. Compare and contrast patient education in the past with that practiced today.
5. Explain the importance of professional commitment in developing patient education as a clinical skill.
6. Explain the three categories of learning and how they can be used in patient education.
7. List three problems that may arise in patient education and how they would be solved?
8. List some methods of documentation of patient education.

HLT 306V Topic 2 Stages of Life Essay and Interview

Write a 500?750?word essay on the Stages?of?Life and the influence of age in health care from a patient’s perspective. Interview a friend or family member about that person’s experiences with the health care system. You may develop your own list of questions.

Suggested questions:

1. Do you feel that your stage?of?life had any effect on your interaction with health care professionals?
2. Which areas of the hospital or clinic were most concerned with your well?being and feelings?
3. Was your family with you during this hospital stay or outpatient visit?
4. Was your family included in your treatment, such as post?procedure instructions?

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

HLT 306V Topic 2 Homework GCU

Write a short (50-100-word) paragraph response for each question. This assignment is to be submitted as a Microsoft Word document.

1. Give examples of psychosocial factors that affect the health care professional and the effect those factors could have on patient education.
2. Give examples of psychosocial factors that affect the patient and the effect those factors could have on patient education.
3. Explain what is meant by personality styles and give examples of approaches that could be used to help the patient. Include self-perception as a factor.
4. List the steps in adjustment to illness and how the patient copes with each step.
5. Explain the health professional’s role in teaching the patient at different life stages.
6. Define the role of the family in patient education.
7. How might the family influence the compliance of the patient and what measures can the health care professional use in communication with the family?

HLT 306V Advanced Patient Care Topic 3 Homework GCU

Write a 650-1300 word response to the following questions:

1. Explain multicultural communication and its origins.
2. Compare and contrast culture, ethnicity, and acculturation.
3. Explain how cultural and religious differences affect the health care professional and the issues that can arise in cross-cultural communications.
4. Discuss family culture and its effect on patient education.
5. List some approaches the health care professional can use to address religious and cultural diversity.
6. List the types of illiteracy.
7. Discuss illiteracy as a disability.
8. Give examples of some myths about illiteracy.
9. Explain how to assess literacy skills and evaluate written material for readability.
10. Identify ways a health care professional may establish effective communication.
11. Suggest ways the health care professional can help a patient remember instructions.

This assignment is to be submitted as a Microsoft Word document.

HLT 306V Advanced Patient Care Topic 4 Homework GCU

Write a short (50-100-word) paragraph response for each question. This assignment is to be submitted as a Microsoft Word document.

1. Define negotiation as it applies to patient education.
2. Explain how the change in the patient’s status through the years has affected patient education.
3. List the pros and cons of negotiation.
4. Describe the general conditions that would be included in a patient contract.
5. Discuss old age and the baby boomer. HLT 306V Advanced Patient Care
6. List several generational, religious, and cultural differences between the 30-year-old health care professional and the elderly patient.
7. Explain some of the barriers to patient education of the elderly and discuss their special needs.
8. List ways to best approach patient education of the elderly.
9. Discuss some cultural and religious beliefs about death that you have encountered.
10. Explain why it is important to discuss death and dying with the elderly patient and what the impact is on all involved.
11. Explain how to teach a patient with a life-threatening illness.

HLT 306V Topic 4 Older Adults Patient Education Issues Essay and Interview

Write a 500?750?word essay on the influence patient education has in health care using the experiences of a patient. Interview a friend or family member about that person’s experiences with the health care system. You may develop your own list of questions.

Suggested interview questions:

1. Did a patient education representative give you instructions on how to care for yourself after your illness or operation? HLT 306V Advanced Patient Care
2. Did a health care professional, pharmacist, nurse, doctor, or elder counselor advise you on your medication, diet, or exercise?
3. Who assisted you at home after your illness or operation?
4. Do you know of any assistance services, i.e., food, transportation, medication, that would help you stay in your home as you get older?

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

Older Adults Patient Education Issues Essay and Interview Example

Nurses must spend more time with patients to improve healthcare outcomes. The contact between the teaching nurse and the elderly patient must be energetic, motivated, and attentive to the particular patient’s requirements (Paterick et al., 2019). Elderly patients and their caregivers need to participate in vigorous, hearty interactions with nurses to reap the advantages of nurse health education.

Elderly patient education results in self-care interventions, which have resulted in verified increases in self-efficacy. One’s feeling of self-efficacy influences how one handles health-related objectives, tasks, and problems. Clinical advantages have been shown in trials of lifestyle intervention in aged individuals with diabetes, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and rheumatoid arthritis (Paterick et al., 2019).

I interviewed my 79-year-old grandmother, an older patient who underwent hip replacement surgery two weeks ago and may benefit from patient education on how to appropriately care for the surgical site, how to use crutches or a walker, and how to undertake exercises to enhance mobility and avoid complications.

1.   Did a patient education representative give you instructions on how to care for yourself after your illness or operation?

The patient education representative asked for my son and gave him all the instructions on how to take care of me after surgery. My son told me it was important to take my antihypertensive medications and antibiotics to keep away infection, especially on the incision site. The nurse did not say much to me and was only concerned if I felt any pain, and gave me pain medications.

Giving patients clear and precise instructions on how to care for themselves after surgery can help them heal faster and avoid complications. This entails instructions on how to care for the incision site, manage pain, utilize assistive devices, and when to seek medical attention if there are any problems. Post-operative care education is especially critical for senior patients, as their recovery time may be delayed and they may be at a higher risk of problems (Powers et al., 2020). In addition to post-operative treatment, nurses may also give advice on lifestyle modifications and good practices that help aid recovery, reduce problems, and enhance general health.

2. Did a health care professional, pharmacist, nurse, doctor, or elder counselor advise you on your medication, diet, or exercise?

The nurse told me that she had explained everything to my son and that my son should organize for a physical therapist to visit me after 3 weeks to start physical therapy. She mentioned that I should avoid foods high in fat and salt. My son has changed our dietary habits to involve vegetables. He also gives me vitamin D and calcium supplements that I believe were prescribed. We try to talk at least 3 times a day around the house, stating that the nurse instructed him to do so.

Medication management is a crucial element of healthcare, and nurses play an important role in ensuring that patients receive the correct prescriptions and doses. They should counsel patients on how to use their prescriptions properly, including any potential adverse effects and combinations with other medications or supplements (Chen et al., 2019).

Diet and exercise are also significant aspects of general health and well-being, and healthcare experts should advise patients on how to maintain a good diet and exercise routine (Chen et al., 2019). Healthcare practitioners should give tailored suggestions for senior patients who may have distinct nutritional demands or physical limitations depending on their unique needs and skills.

3. Who assisted you at home after your illness or operation?

My son and his wife were always home with me. They took turns in taking care of me and I feel satisfied.

Following an illness or surgery, elderly patients may require assistance with everyday activities, which can be offered by family members, friends, or professional home healthcare services (Fowler et al., 2019). Home healthcare services include visiting nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and other healthcare specialists who may provide therapy and help at the patient’s home. Home health care services teach patients and their families how to care for themselves following surgery and how to manage symptoms and avoid complications. They can also monitor the patient’s progress and communicate with the primary care provider.

4. Do you know of any assistance services, i.e., food, transportation, medication, that would help you stay in your home as you get older?

I know of a nursing home where my son used to take me when he was busy at work. I could either go there, or they would send someone over.

As people age, they may need more help to retain their freedom and remain at home, such as food delivery services, transportation services, home care services, home health care services, and in-home care organizations.

Conclusion

Patient education is critical in healthcare. Healthcare professionals must advise patients, particularly the elderly, on medication, diet, and exercise. This guideline can help patients obtain the right care, maintain their general health and well-being, and avoid problems. Geriatric services that may help older individuals stay in their homes. These programs can assist older persons in maintaining their independence while also improving their quality of life. It is critical to conduct research and consult with local groups and government agencies to determine what services are available in the region.

HLT 306V Advanced Patient Care References

Chen, X., Maguire, B., Brodaty, H., & O’Leary, F. (2019). Dietary patterns and cognitive health in older adults: A systematic review. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease: JAD, 67(2), 583–619. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-180468

Fowler, A. J., Abbott, T. E. F., Prowle, J., & Pearse, R. M. (2019). Age of patients undergoing surgery. The British Journal of Surgery, 106(8), 1012–1018. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.11148

Paterick, T. E., Patel, N., Tajik, A. J., & Chandrasekaran, K. (2019). Improving health outcomes through patient education and partnerships with patients. Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center), 30(1), 112–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2017.11929552

Powers, M. A., Bardsley, J. K., Cypress, M., Funnell, M. M., Harms, D., Hess-Fischl, A., Hooks, B., Isaacs, D., Mandel, E. D., Maryniuk, M. D., Norton, A., Rinker, J., Siminerio, L. M., & Uelmen, S. (2020). Diabetes self-management education and support in adults with Type 2 diabetes: A consensus report of the American diabetes association, the Association of diabetes care & education specialists, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the American Academy of family physicians, the American Academy of PAs, the American association of nurse practitioners, and the American pharmacists association. Diabetes Care, 43(7), 1636–1649. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci20-0023

HLT 306V Advanced Patient Care Topic 5 Homework GCU

Write a short (50-100-word) paragraph response for each question posed below. Submit this assignment as a Microsoft Word document.

1. Define CAM.
2. Describe the patient who uses CAM the most.
3. List some common misconceptions about CAM.
4. Identify methods of including the use of CAM in patient education.
5. Discuss the safe use of CAM.
6. List ways in which conventional medicine and CAM can be integrated.
7. Define ethical theories, ethical principles, and values.
8. Provide examples of ethical issues in patient education and compliance, and describe ways in which an effective professional/patient relationship and a poor health professional/patient relationship can impact these issues.
9. Explain what is meant by “ethical patient education practices”.
10. Explain the purpose of informed consent.
11. Discuss what factors determine the patient’s ability to give informed consent.
12. Compose a sample informed consent form. .
13. Discuss the process of communication to use with the patient and the family when obtaining informed consent.

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HLT 308V All Weeks Assignment Paper

HLT308V

Week 1 – Elements of a Risk Management Program

HLT 308V All Weeks Assignment Paper Details:

In 1,000-1,250 word paper, conduct a review of the risk management program for new employees in a health organization. Include the following:

1. Explain the steps for presenting a risk management program to new employees.
2. Evaluate the presentation for compliance with the American Society of Healthcare Risk Management (ASHRM).
3. Propose recommendations for inclusion in the program or changes that you would make to further improve the program or meet compliance.
4. Examine the administrative process of management the risk program.
5. Support your analysis with three peer-reviewed references, which may include your textbook.

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. HLT 308V All Weeks Assignment Paper

This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. Only Word documents can be submitted to Turnitin. HLT 308V All Weeks Assignment Paper

CLICK HERE TO ORDER YOUR HLT 308V All Weeks Assignment Paper

Week 2 – Risk Management Assessment

Details:

This assignment builds on the review of risk management in the “Elements of a Risk Management Program” assignment. HLT 308V All Weeks Assignment Paper

In a 1,250-1,500-word paper, discuss techniques for maintaining a successful risk management program by doing the following:

1. Refer to chapter 7, “Techniques for Managing Safety,” in Risk Management in Healthcare Institutions: Limiting Liability and Enhancing Care.
2. Identify two major categories of risk in your health care organization.
3. Explain how you would apply the three elements of risk management that you selected in the “Elements of a Risk Management Program” assignment.

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required HLT 308V All Weeks Assignment Paper.

This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. Only Word documents can be submitted to Turnitin. HLT 308V All Weeks Assignment Paper

Week 3 – Collaborative Learning Community: Educational Program on Risk Management: Outline of Topic

Details:

This is a CLC assignment.

CLC groups will develop an outline for a presentation on risk management based on the previous “Risk Management Assessment” assignment. This outline will form the basis for the PowerPoint presentation assigned in Topic 5. HLT 308V All Weeks Assignment Paper

The 700-750-word outline will cover a topic chosen in the previous “Risk Management Assessment” assignment and include three objectives.

APA format is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. Only Word documents can be submitted to Turnitin.

Week 4 – Organizational Risk Management Interview

Details:

Interview a health care provider on how an organization can prevent the spread of infectious disease within the facility. Include the following:

1. Identification of the challenges the organization faces in controlling infectious diseases.
2. Risk management strategies used in the organization’s infection control program, along with specific examples. HLT 308V All Weeks Assignment Paper
3. Monitoring and maintaining the risk management program.
4. Based on the interview, provide your impression of the organization’s risk management program. Support your rationale by citing references.

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. HLT 308V All Weeks Assignment Paper

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. Only Word documents can be submitted to Turnitin.

Week 5 – Collaborative Learning Community: Educational Program on Risk Management Presentation

Details:

This is a CLC assignment.

Create a PowerPoint presentation on one of the selected categories of risk identified in the “Educational Program on Risk Management: Outline of Topic” assignment.

The 20-25 slide presentation will consist of:

1. Introduction.
2. Objectives of the educational session.
3. A description of the three major elements of the selected topic.
4. Data to support the need for educational session.
5. Strategies for implementation.
6. How you will evaluate the educational session.
7. Speaker notes.
8. Citations from six references to support the topic.

While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.

You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin, unless otherwise directed by your instructor. If so directed, refer to the Student Success Center for directions. Only Word documents can be submitted to Turnitin. HLT 308V All Weeks Assignment Paper