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Discussion 3: Jewish Orthodox faithDiscussion 3: Jewish Orthodox faithAnswer the ...

Discussion 3: Jewish Orthodox faith

Answer the Discussion Board board questions in paragraph form.

A premature infant was delivered at Woman’s Hospital by the plaintiff. The child died shortly after birth, and the plaintiff was assured by the floor nurse that the hospital would take care of the infant’s burial. When the mother went to the obstetrician for an examination six weeks later, she was given her folder to hold while waiting for the physician.

She found in it a note from the pathologist about disposal of the baby’s body. When the plaintiff asked the physician about the disposal of the body, he instructed his nurse to take her to the hospital across the street to see someone who would tell her what had been done with the baby. When the woman and the nurse found the person, the plaintiff was handed a large jar with the baby’s body inside.

As a result, the plaintiff suffered nightmares, could not sleep, was depressed when she was around children, had surgery for a pseudopregnancy, and required psychiatric treatment. Should a patient–physician relationship include the contract to dispose of a dead body?

The plaintiff’s 18-year-old son died suddenly at home. His body was taken to the hospital, where the cause of death could not be found without an autopsy. The deputy medical examiner ordered a postmortem examination.

The plaintiff was a member of the Jewish Orthodox faith and refused the postmortem examination of his son on the basis that religious conviction prohibited any molestation of the body after death. Is freedom of religion curtailed by a law that has a compelling state interest?

Also Read:

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NUR 550 Topic 3 Translational Research Framework and Legal and Ethical Considerations

Discussion 4: Safety concerns for APRN providersDiscussion 4: Safety concerns fo ...

Discussion 4: Safety concerns for APRN providers

a) Using the National Center for Complimentary and Integrated Health (NCCIH) at https://nccih.nih.gov/, provide research about a complementary therapy.

Provide a summary overview of the therapy.
What evidence is there about providing care for patients of all cultures.
Discuss how you would work with a patient to integrate the therapy into his/her care plan.

b)Using transcultural care concepts, provide evidence-based practice guidelines that illustrate how linguistic challenges interfere with culturally competent care.

What are the safety concerns for APRN providers?

Responses need to address all components of the question, demonstrate critical thinking and analysis and include peer-reviewed journal evidence to support the student’s position.

Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.

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Discussion 4: Safety concerns for APRN providers Instructions

Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.

Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.

Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.

The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS

Discussion Questions (DQ)

Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.

Weekly Participation

Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.

APA Format and Writing Quality

Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the
Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.

Use of Direct Quotes

I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.

LopesWrite Policy

For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:

Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

Discussion: A Jump Towards Emotional IntelligenceDiscussion: A Jump Towards Emot ...

Discussion: A Jump Towards Emotional Intelligence

Do you believe that skills related to emotional intelligence are more important than technical skills in hiring decisions? Why or Why not
According to the video, IQ and “EQ,” or emotional intelligence scores, are trending down. Dr. Goleman believes it is because parents do not have time to teach their kids EI. Do you agree or disagree? Should we be concerned for our future leaders?
Daniel Goleman states it is important for an organization to have a culture of emotional intelligence. How can an HR professional infuse this characteristic into the hiring process?
Explain a time in the workplace when you had to make an emotional decision versus a rational one, and what would have been the difference if you chose the rational decision.

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Discussion: A Jump Towards Emotional Intelligence Instructions

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS

Discussion Questions (DQ)

Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.

Weekly Participation

Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.

APA Format and Writing Quality

Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the
Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.

Use of Direct Quotes

I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.

LopesWrite Policy

For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:

Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

Discussion Accountability of licensed healthcare personnelDiscussion Accountabil ...

Discussion Accountability of licensed healthcare personnel

Discuss how the accountability of licensed healthcare personnel intersects with organizational efforts to implement less expensive patient care pathways or treatment plans (300-500 word count) and at least 1 source. No plagiarism!

ORDER THROUGH BOUTESSAY

You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS

Discussion Questions (DQ)

Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.

Weekly Participation

Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.

APA Format and Writing Quality

Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.

Use of Direct Quotes

I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.

LopesWrite Policy

For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:
Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

Discussion Accused of improperly billing Medicare for treatmentsIntroduction on ...

Discussion Accused of improperly billing Medicare for treatments

Introduction on Discussion Accused of improperly billing Medicare for treatments

A member of the hospital’s medical staff has been accused of improperly billing Medicare for treatments done in his office that were not medically necessary.

A subpoena for copies of patient records was received but the subpoena does not include a patient authorization for release of the records. In addition, the subpoena requests all “peer review committee” records pertaining to this physician. Consider the following questions:

What must you check before releasing the patient records?
What legal concept described in this chapter will determine admissibility of the hospital records into evidence?
The defendant’s lawyer objects to the subpoena, arguing that the patient records are “hearsay.” To resolve this issue, identify at least one element that will likely be required in your testimony (or certification of the records).
Your hospital attorney objects to the subpoena of the peer review committee materials, citing state law that protects peer review records from discovery. What legal concept describes this protection?
In the course of acting on the subpoena, you discover that one of the patient records (which are electronic) has had major sections deleted. Your review of the audit trails determine that a hospital staff member was responsible for the deletions. Under what legal concept could the hospital be subject to liability for the deletions? What should have been done to protect the records?

ORDER NOW FOR ORIGINAL, ORDER THROUGH BOUTESSAY

Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.

Also Read:

West Coast NURS 316L OB Nursing Concept Map

HLT 306 Week 2 Discussions

Disaster Mitigation and Preferences Among Members of StaffI

HCA 322 Week 5 Discussion Question 1

and nothing has made it better and walking on his right foot makes it worse. He ...

and nothing has made it better and walking on his right foot makes it worse. He has tried acetaminophen

Example Answer to Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes NURS 6501 Includ ...

Example Answer to Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes NURS 6501 Included

For this Discussion, you examine a case study and explain the disease that is suggested. You examine the symptoms reported and explain the cells that are involved and potential alterations and impacts.

To prepare:

You will be assigned to a specific scenario for this Discussion.

Please post an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario provided. Include the following in your explanation: role genetics plays in the disease, why the patient is presenting with the specific symptoms described, physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario and why you think this response occurred, the cells that are involved in this process, and how another characteristic like gender or genetics would change your response.

Scenario: A 27-year-old patient with a history of substance abuse is found unresponsive by emergency medical services (EMS) after being called by the patient’s roommate. The roommate states that he does not know how long the patient has been lying there.

The patient received naloxone in the field and has become responsive. He complains of burning pain over his left hip and forearm. Evaluation in the ED revealed a large amount of necrotic tissue over the greater trochanter as well as the forearm. EKG demonstrated prolonged PR interval and peaked T waves. Serum potassium level 6.9 mEq/L.

Post an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario you were provided. Include the following in your explanation:

The role genetics plays in the disease.
Why the patient is presenting with the specific symptoms described?
The physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario and why you think this response occurred.
The cells that are involved in this process.
How another characteristic (e.g., gender, genetics) would change your response.

Also read:

NURS 6501 Module 1 Assignment: Case Study Analysis

NURS 6501 Module 2 Assignment Case Study Analysis

Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes NURS 6501 Learning Resources

Required Readings (click to expand/reduce)

McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.

Chapter 1: Cellular Biology; Summary Review
Chapter 2: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents (pp. 46-61; begin again with Manifestations of Cellular Injury pp. 83-97); Summary Review
Chapter 3: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids, and Bases
Chapter 4: Genes and Genetic Diseases (stop at Elements of formal genetics); Summary Review
Chapter 5: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases (stop at Genetics of common diseases); Summary Review
Chapter 7: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
Chapter 8: Adaptive Immunity (stop at Generation of clonal diversity); Summary Review
Chapter 9: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation (stop at Deficiencies in immunity); Summary Review
Chapter 10: Infection (pp. 289-303; stop at Infectious parasites and protozoans); (start at HIV); Summary Review
Chapter 11: Stress and Disease (stop at Stress, illness & coping); Summary Review
Chapter 12: Cancer Biology (stop at Resistance to destruction); Summary Review
Chapter 13: Cancer Epidemiology (stop at Environmental-Lifestyle factors); Summary Review

Justiz-Vaillant, A. A., & Zito, P. M. (2019). Immediate hypersensitivity reactions. In StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513315/

Credit Line: Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf. (2019, June 18). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513315/. Used with permission of Stat Pearls

Example Answer to the Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes NURS 6501

This week’s case study is about a client who is 83 years of age and is a skilled nursing amenity resident. The patient presented to the facility with generalized lower limb and abdominal edema. From the interaction with the patient, a past history of malabsorption syndrome and poor feeding from lack of dentures was deduced. Thus, a diagnosis of protein malnutrition was arrived at.

Malnutrition is a serious health crisis with a resultant increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Broadly, malnutrition can either be classified into marasmus, which is an inadequate supply of energy to meet the body’s requirement or kwashiorkor which is the supply of adequate energy with insufficient protein intake (McCance et al., 2019). Classification can also be based on the severity, with malnutrition being classified as mild, moderate, or severe.

Role of Genetics In Protein Malnutrition

Protein malnutrition is etiologically multi-factorial. Its causes include inadequate/improper food intake, impaired absorption, increased gastrointestinal loss of nutrients, increased nutritional needs from various stressors, increased protein loss, and inadequate protein synthesis (Dipasquale et al., 2020). This particular patient’s protein malnutrition is likely due to impaired absorption from the history of the maladaptive syndrome and inadequate food intake based on the difficulty feeding attributed to lack of dentures.

Genetics plays a role in the causation of protein malnutrition. Human genetic variations can alter host genes that impact food absorption and metabolism, including proteins through many mechanisms. Some studies have identified nutrition-associated genes that influence macronutrient intake, such as FTO and single-nucleotide polymorphisms genes, which cause reduced protein intake (Duggal et al., 2018). The genetic variation of individuals also determines the gut microbe composition, which may, in turn, contribute to malnutrition.

Reason For Patient’s Presenting Symptoms

The patient came to the emergency department presenting with generalized lower limb edema and abdominal edema. Protein malnutrition is typically characterized by low serum albumin levels due to the decreased synthesis and storage of serum proteins. Low albumin levels lead to an imbalance between oncotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure across vascular walls. Albumin contributes to oncotic pressure, which maintains the intravascular fluid within the blood vessels. Its deficiency thus leads to loss of fluid to the extra-vascular spaces and tissues, which presents clinically as edema.

Physiologic Response To The Stimulus

Reduced oncotic pressure due to low serum albumin level leads to edema from extra-vascular movement of intravascular fluid. This results in intravascular volume depletion, leading to hypovolemia and even shock in serious cases. The body responds to this by increasing the antidiuretic hormone levels to replace the depleted intravascular fluid. This is achieved by water retention by the renal system through the action of this hormone.

Cells Involved In The Process

Antidiuretic hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. This hormone acts in the distal renal and collecting tubules and leads to water reabsorption by causing the expression of water transport channels. This leads to intravascular fluid repletion. In addition to decreasing the urine output, this hormone also acts on the endothelial cells of blood vessels to cause vasoconstriction in cases of hypotension.

Influence of Other Characteristics

In addition to genetics, several other factors contribute to the development of malnutrition. Aging, for example, has been shown to increase the risk of malnutrition, as is the case with the patient in this study. This is attributed to factors such as lack of dentures, loss of taste, and reduced movement (Besora-Moreno et al., 2020). This leads to reduced food intake with resultant malnutrition. This may necessitate measures such as nutritional support and screening of the elderly population for early diagnosis and interventions.

Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes NURS 6501 References

Besora-Moreno, M., Llauradó, E., Tarro, L., & Solà, R. (2020). Social and Economic Factors and Malnutrition or the Risk of Malnutrition in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutrients, 12(3), 737. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030737

Dipasquale, V., Cucinotta, U., & Romano, C. (2020). Acute Malnutrition in Children: Pathophysiology, Clinical Effects, and Treatment. Nutrients, 12(8), 2413. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082413

Duggal, P., & Petri, W. (2018). Does Malnutrition Have a Genetic Component?. Annual Review Of Genomics And Human Genetics, 19(1), 247-262. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genom-083117-021340

McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier. https://shop.elsevier.com/books/pathophysiology/mccance/978-0-323-40281-1

Example Student Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes NURS 6501.

The 83-year-old patient presented in this scenario is suffering from malabsorption syndrome. The condition that the patient is experiencing, and the lack of food intake contributes to protein malnutrition. The main problem of malabsorption syndrome is the lack of nutritional supply in a body due to decreased absorption within the small intestines (McCance & Huether, 2019). The purpose of this discussion is to discuss the genetics, physiological, and cellular components of the scenario presented.

Malabsorption syndrome can have many different causes. Some such causes can stem from outside influences such as intestine dissection, infections, and damage from radiation treatments. However, malabsorption can also come from genetic diseases such as Cystic fibrosis, congenital short bowel syndrome, Celiac disease, and Chron’s disease (Clark & Johnson, 2018).

The scenario presented only states that the patient has a medical history of malabsorption syndrome but does not specify what the cause was. If the patient’s malabsorption was caused by Celiac disease, the genetic factors that would be important to focus on would be the class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, DQ2 and DQ8.

Patients with these genes are susceptible to celiac disease, where gluten proteins cause CD4T cells to be activated in the mucosal lining of the small intestines. Such activation damages the mucosal lining over time, thereby interfering with the absorption of necessary nutrients (Clark & Johnson, 2018).

The stimulus presented in this scenario is a state of hypoalbuminemia. This condition developed because of the patient’s history of malabsorption syndrome and low protein intake (McCance & Huether, 2019). To understand the physiological response, it is essential to understand the function of protein within the bloodstream. Albumin is the form of protein within the blood responsible for maintaining oncotic pressure.

The albumin does this by using its force to retain water via sodium within the capillaries. Therefore, if there is a lack of albumin in the bloodstream, a weak force keeps the fluid from escaping. This affects the oncotic pressure and allows fluid to leak into the interstitial space. Over time, an accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space leads to swelling, which is the culprit for the patient’s generalized edema and ascites (Darwish & Lui, 2021).

The way nutrients are absorbed into our bodies is through the digestive process. The digestive process begins from the minute food enters our mouths. However, most absorption takes place in the intestinal lumen of the small intestines. The small intestines are made of four main layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and adventitia.

The mucosal layer contains the epithelium, where the digestive cells live. The digestive cells include the enterocytes, Paneth cells, goblet cells, and neuroendocrine cells. Enterocytes make up the majority of the intestinal epithelium and are responsible for the primary role of absorption (Kong et al., 2018)

Specifically, protein is absorbed in the body with the help of trypsin and chymotrypsin. These enzymes break proteins into tiny forms of amino acids. These amino acids are then transported via the enterocytes across the epithelium to enter blood circulation (Kong et al., 2018). The major clinical problem taking a toll on this patient’s health is malabsorption syndrome. In this case, there is an interruption of the absorptive process at the small intestines, through chemical interruption or a defected brush border, preventing protein absorption for the patient (McCance & Heuther, 2019). A lack of circulating protein is causing the patient’s symptoms, as stated previously.

Malabsorption syndrome can have many different causes, both extrinsic and intrinsic. Older adults are more likely to experience malabsorption due to prolonged illnesses or exposures to medication and chemicals (Clark & Johnson, 2018). Young children, however, are less likely to experience this condition. Therefore, it is easier to pinpoint the cause of the problem in children. If a very young child would present with similar symptoms, I would sooner lookout for diseases such as Cystic fibrosis and milk protein intolerances and their genetic indicators (Cleveland Clinic, 2022).

Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes NURS 6501 Solution 3.

Group A, scenario 1, presents the case of a 16-year-old boy who is diagnosed with strep throat. Upon discharge, he is prescribed amoxicillin to treat the infection which quickly induces an anaphylactic response after he takes his first dose. As is typical of a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, he quickly develops facial edema, dyspnea, and audible wheezes. This scenario illustrates two common pathologies that affect adults and children, namely, strep throat (Group A Streptococcus) and anaphylaxis (Type I hypersensitivity).

Group A strep is a bacteria that affects the nose and throat of young children and can be spread to adults through respiratory droplets (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2022). Anaphylaxis is an exaggerated immune response to an allergen. Many biological components are involved in what is commonly known as an allergic reaction. Anaphylaxis is the most severe and life-threatening form of an allergy.

At the cellular level, a foreign substance called an antigen – in this case, penicillin – enters the body and is immediately identified as a threat by the immune system which mounts an acute inflammatory response. Type I hypersensitivities are mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies and the products of mast cells (i.e., histamines and leukotrienes; Justiz-Vaillant & Zito, 2019).

According to McCance and Huether (2018), the most potent mediator of this process is histamine, which acts through H1 receptors located in the smooth muscle cells of several tissues including the airway, heart/blood vessels, and brain. The symptoms experienced by the patient in the scenario can be explained by the effects of this mediator.

Histamine causes smooth muscle contraction leading to bronchial airway constriction and, therefore, dyspnea and wheezing; increased capillary permeability, which causes edema; and vasodilation, which increases blood flow to the affected areas (erythema).

Various factors play a role in the susceptibility of individuals to atopic conditions including environment, genetics, age, and gender. Allergies have a strong genetic component according to Aldakheel (2021). 70% of identical twins and 40% of non-identical twins have reported similar allergies. Furthermore, individuals with hereditary ?-tryptasemia have been identified for increased risk for severe anaphylaxis (Lyons et al., 2021).

Allergies tend to occur more frequently in children than adults as IgE levels peak in infancy and decrease with age up until about 30 years where they level off. Young boys tend to experience allergies more often than young girls due to higher sensitization rates for grass pollen, dust mites, and cat epithelium. The author also states that many of these sex and age differences tend to diminish over time.

NURS 6501 Module 2 Case Study Assignment

Please be mindful of plagiarism and APA format, I have included the rubric. Please use my course resources as one of my references as instructed. Please include McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier in the references.

Case Study Analysis

An understanding of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is a critically important component of disease diagnosis and treatment. This importance is magnified by the fact that these two systems work so closely together. A variety of factors and circumstances that impact the emergence and severity of issues in one system can have a role in the performance of the other.

Effective disease analysis often requires an understanding that goes beyond these systems and their capacity to work together. The impact of patient characteristics, as well as racial and ethnic variables, can also have an important impact.

Photo Credit: yodiyim / Adobe Stock

An understanding of the symptoms of alterations in cardiovascular and respiratory systems is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For APRNs this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.

In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify the elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.

Scenario 4: 45-year-old woman presents with chief complaint of 3-day duration of shortness of breath, cough with thick green sputum production, and fevers. Patient has history of COPD with chronic cough but states the cough has gotten much worse and is interfering with her sleep. Sputum is thicker and harder for her to expectorate. CXR reveals flattened diaphragm and increased AP diameter. Auscultation demonstrates hyper resonance and coarse rales and rhonchi throughout all lung fields.

To prepare:

Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis)
In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following

The cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes that result in the patient presenting these symptoms.
Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.
How these processes interact to affect the patient.

NOTE: PLEASE INCLUDE AN INTRODUCTION WITH A PURPOSE STATEMENT, TITLE PAGE, REFERENCE PAGE, AND A SUMMARY.

Concepts of Endocrine Disorders Knowledge Check

QUESTION 1

Scenario 1: Syndrome of Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)

A 77-year-old female was brought to the clinic by her daughter who stated that her mother had become slightly confused over the past several days. She had been stumbling at home and had fallen twice but was able to walk with some difficulty. She had no other obvious problems and had been eating and drinking. The daughter became concerned when she forgot her daughter’s name, so she thought she better bring her to the clinic.

HPI: Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) with peripheral neuropathy x 30 years. Emphysema. Situational depression after death of spouse 6-months ago

SHFH: – non contributary except for 40 pack/year history tobacco use.

Meds: Metformin 1000 mg po BID, ASA 81 mg po qam, escitalopram (Lexapro) 5 mg po q am started 2 months ago

Labs-CBC WNL; Chem 7- Glucose-102 mg/dl, BUN 16 mg/dl, Creatinine 1.1 mg/dl, Na+116 mmol/L,

K+4.2 mmol/L, CO237 m mol/L, Cl–97 mmol/L.

The APRN refers the patient to the ED and called endocrinology for a consult for diagnosis and management of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).

Question:

1. Define SIADH and identify any patient characteristics that may have contributed to the development of SIADH

Scenario 2: Type 1 Diabetes

A 14-year-old girl is brought to the pediatrician’s office by his parents who are concerned about their daughter’s weight loss despite eating more, frequent urination, unquenchable thirst, and fatigue that is interfering with her school activities. She had been seemingly healthy until about 4 months ago when her parents started noticing these symptoms. She admits to sleeping more and gets tired very easily.

PMH: noncontributory.

Allergies-NKDA

FH:- maternal uncle with “some kind of sugar diabetes problem” but parents unclear on the exact disease process

SH: denies alcohol, tobacco or illicit drug use. Not sexually active.

Labs: random glucose 244 mg/dl.

DIAGNOSIS: Diabetes Mellitus type 1 and refers to an endocrinologist for further work up and management plan.

Question

1. Explain the pathophysiology of the three P’s for (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia)” with the given diagnosis of Type I DM.

QUESTION 3

Scenario 2: Type 1 Diabetes

PMH: noncontributory.

Allergies-NKDA

FH:- maternal uncle with “some kind of sugar diabetes problem” but parents unclear on the exact disease process

SH: denies alcohol, tobacco or illicit drug use. Not sexually active.

Labs: random glucose 244 mg/dl.

DIAGNOSIS: Diabetes Mellitus type 1 and refers to an endocrinologist for further work up and management plan.

Question

1. Explain the genetics relationship and how this and the environment can contribute to Type I DM.

QUESTION 4

Scenario 3: Type II DM

A 55-year-old male presents with complaints of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss. He also noted that his feet on the bottom are feeling “strange” “like ants crawling on them” and noted his vision is blurry sometimes. He has increased an increased appetite, but still losing weight. He also complains of “swelling” and enlargement of his abdomen.

PMH: HTN – well controlled with medications. He has mixed hyperlipidemia, and central abdominal obesity. Physical exam unremarkable except for decreased filament test both feet. Random glucose in office 333 mg/dl.

Diagnosis: Type II DM and prescribes oral medication to control the glucose level and also referred the patient to a dietician for dietary teaching.

Question:

1. How would you describe the pathophysiology of Type II DM?

QUESTION 5

Scenario 4: Hypothyroidism

A patient walked into your clinic today with the following complaints: Weight gain (15 pounds), however has a decreased appetite with extreme fatigue, cold intolerance, dry skin, hair loss, and falls asleep watching television. The patient also tearfulness with depression, and with an unknown cause and has noted she is more forgetful. She does have blurry vision.

PMH: Non-contributory.

Vitals: Temp 96.4?F, pulse 58 and regular, BP 106/92, 12 respirations. Dull facial expression with coarse facial features. Periorbital puffiness noted.

Diagnosis: hypothyroidism.

Question:

What causes hypothyroidism?

Example Solution to the Assignment: Concepts of Endocrine Disorders

Question 1: Syndrome of Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)

Normally, the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is influenced by plasma osmolality. However, SIADH results when the ADH secretion is excessive regardless of the plasma osmolality, thus leading to increased water retention by kidneys and the resultant electrolyte imbalances worse, which is dilutional hyponatremia (Mentrasti et al., 2020). The patient presentation relates to such hyponatremia.

Different factors predispose an individual to SIADH development, including advanced age, drug use, brain disorders, and malignancies. The patient in the case study had some of these factors that might have predisposed her to develop the condition. She is older than 50 years, has type 2 diabetes mellitus, has a long-standing history of cigarette smoking, and is on different medications for managing depression, including antidepressants.

Patients with advanced age may develop ineffective secretion of ADH due to medications such as antidepressants and NSAIDs that interfere with renal function (Al-Hinai et al., 2021). Further, a history of smoking is suggestive of undiagnosed lung malignancy and emphysema that has been associated with SIADH. In addition, the patient had a history of falls from which she may have sustained intracranial bleeding, thus resulting in SIADH (Mentrasti et al., 2020). These factors should be investigated and appropriately addressed.

Question 2: Pathophysiology of three P`s in type I diabetes Mellitus

Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) have autoimmune destruction of the pancreas’s ?-islet cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency in the body (Nigro et al., 2018). They, therefore, have disorders in the metabolism of glucose, resulting in high serum levels of glucose. As a result of this hyperglycemia, the renal threshold for glucose is overcome, and glucose is passed into the urine (Nigro et al., 2018).

Glycosuria increases the osmotic potential of the urine, thus leading to increased water loss resulting in polyuria. Consequently, the individual becomes dehydrated and the thirst center is stimulated to increase the water intake to offset the dehydration (Banday et al., 2020). This increase in water intake is polydipsia. Further, glucosuria also reduces the body’s carbohydrates, and the individual increases food intake to replenish the lost sugars (Nigro et al., 2018). Polyphagia refers to this increased food intake in DM.

Question 3: How Genetics and Environmental Factors Contribute to Type 1 DM

Type 1 DM results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic cells. It is estimated that 50% of the affected individuals have a hereditary genetic predisposition, as witnessed by the fragility at chromosome 6p21 and the insulin gene found in chromosome 11p15 (Blanter et al., 2019). In addition to this predisposition, the affected individuals may be triggered by environmental factors such as obesity and viral infection, leading to the development of diabetes mellitus, especially in the younger population (Nigro et al., 2018).

Question 4: Pathology of Type 2 DM

Type 2 DM, in contrast to type 1 DM, results from absolute insulin deficiency, results from relative insulin deficiency due to reduced secretion of insulin by the pancreas, increased insulin resistance by the peripheral tissues, or both (Galicia-Garcia et al., 2020). It can also be due to increased levels of insulin counterregulatory hormones. This relative insulin deficiency leads to reduced utilization of glucose in the affected individual, and the lipids are metabolized instead (Banday et al., 2020). This is the hallmark of hyperglycemia and other patient presentation encountered in type 2 DM.

Question 5: Causes of Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is the low secretion of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. Such low secretion can be due to disorders of the thyroid gland, pituitary gland, or hypothalamus. The disorders of the thyroid gland include the use of amiodarone, iodine deficiency, thyroidectomy, thyroid radiation, and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (Chiovato et al., 2019). These conditions contribute to the majority of hypothyroidism cases, although hypopituitarism and deficiency of hypothalamus hormones (McDermott, 2020).

References

Al-Hinai, A., Al-Murshedi, F., Al-Nabhani, D., & Al-Thihli, K. (2021). Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in a patient with uncontrolled tyrosinemia type 1. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 21(2), e312–e315. https://doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2021.21.02.023

Banday, M. Z., Sameer, A. S., & Nissar, S. (2020). Pathophysiology of diabetes: An overview. Avicenna Journal of Medicine, 10(4), 174–188. https://doi.org/10.4103/ajm.ajm_53_20

Blanter, M., Sork, H., Tuomela, S., & Flodström-Tullberg, M. (2019). Genetic and environmental interaction in type 1 diabetes: A relationship between genetic risk alleles and molecular traits of Enterovirus infection? Current Diabetes Reports, 19(9), 82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-019-1192-8

Chiovato, L., Magri, F., & Carlé, A. (2019). Hypothyroidism in context: Where we’ve been and where we’re going. Advances in Therapy, 36(Suppl 2), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-019-01080-8

Galicia-Garcia, U., Benito-Vicente, A., Jebari, S., Larrea-Sebal, A., Siddiqi, H., Uribe, K. B., Ostolaza, H., & Martín, C. (2020). Pathophysiology of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(17), 6275. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176275

McDermott, M. T. (2020). Hypothyroidism. Annals of Internal Medicine, 173(1), ITC1–ITC16. https://doi.org/10.7326/aitc202007070

Mentrasti, G., Scortichini, L., Torniai, M., Giampieri, R., Morgese, F., Rinaldi, S., & Berardi, R. (2020). Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH): Optimal management. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 16, 663–672. https://doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S206066

Nigro, N., Grossmann, M., Chiang, C., & Inder, W. J. (2018). Polyuria-polydipsia syndrome: a diagnostic challenge. Internal Medicine Journal, 48(3), 244–253. https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.13627

Knowledge Check: Neurological and Musculoskeletal Disorders Knowledge Check

QUESTION 1

Scenario 1: Gout

A 68-year-old obese male presents to the clinic with a 3-day history of fever with chills, and Lt. great toe pain that has gotten progressively worse. Patient states this is the first time that this has happened, and nothing has made it better and walking on his right foot makes it worse. He has tried acetaminophen, but it did not help. He took several ibuprofen tablets last night which did give him a bit of relief.

HPI: hypertension treated with Lisinop

Discussion Assessment of all body systemsDiscussion Assessment of all body syste ...

Discussion Assessment of all body systems

Post with a description of two patients. Remember, you do not need a complete assessment of all body systems, just the body system we are studying this week. Your post needs to be at least 250 words and requires full references in APA format for any resource you use.

You have two very ill patients this week, and each of them presents a very complicated case. First, you have a patient with an ongoing problem that has resisted diagnosis.

He was en route to an evaluation with a neurologist, but on the way to the hospital suddenly fell into a coma (a state of involuntary unconsciousness due to illness or injury) and had to be brought in to your medical facility by ambulance.

You will use at least 10 medical terms to describe this patient, and to refer to the original underlying problem the patient had in the first place.

Use the nervous system medical word elements chart and the medical, surgical, and diagnostic terms chart on from your textbook to get you started on the medical terms you will need. You can include specific drugs used in neurological disease as you list at least 3 tests and procedures used.

Your second patient this week is also quite ill and is presenting a number of problems. This patient is diabetic, and also has another Endocrine System disorder (of your choice). Consult the endocrine medical word elementschart as you develop medical terms—include at least 10 that would be appropriate in this case. You should consult medical, surgical, and diagnostic procedures in your textbook as you select at least 3 tests and procedures for this patient.

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Discussion: Aspects of A Health Concern Not Being Addressed Despite the Efforts ...

Discussion: Aspects of A Health Concern Not Being Addressed Despite the Efforts of Services & Partnerships Involved

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Assignment:

Complete and submit the Community Health Nursing Project Hours Log (estimated 10-15 hours for Module 2).
Discuss aspects of a health concern not being addressed despite the efforts of services and partnerships involved and describe the ultimate outcome(s) or goal(s) from Healthy People 2020 relating to that specific health concern.

Answering the following questions may assist in data interpretation:

What similarities are apparent between the data that were gathered and the data that were generated?
What differences are apparent between the data that were gathered and the data that were generated?
What are the weakness and strengths of this community?
In what areas is improvement needed in this community?

The assignment should be written in an APA-formatted essay. The essay should be between 1500 and 2000 words in length and include at least two scholarly sources other than provided materials. Please submit your current, updated N493 – Project Hour Log

project_hour_log.docx

Unformatted Attachment Preview

Community Health Nursing Project Hour Log Use this form to document practice hours & activities for the Community Health Nursing Project Assignment Date Activity Location & Contact (as appropriate) Hour(s) Total I acknowledge and attest that my practice hours log and documented activities adhere to the Aspen University standards of academic authenticity and may be subject to random audits of my logged hours, documented activities and contacts. Student Name Updated 03/2018 Student Signature Today’s Date

Discussion: Aspects of A Health Concern Not Being Addressed Despite the Efforts of Services & Partnerships Involved Instructions

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS

Discussion Questions (DQ)

Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.

Weekly Participation

Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.

APA Format and Writing Quality

Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.

Use of Direct Quotes

I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.

LopesWrite Policy

For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:

Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

Discussion: Big Data Risks and Rewards NURS 6051When you wake in the morning, yo ...

Discussion: Big Data Risks and Rewards NURS 6051

When you wake in the morning, you may reach for your cell phone to reply to a few text or email messages that you missed overnight. On your drive to work, you may stop to refuel your car. Upon your arrival, you might swipe a key card at the door to gain entrance to the facility. And before finally reaching your workstation, you may stop by the cafeteria to purchase a coffee.

From the moment you wake, you are in fact a data-generation machine. Each use of your phone, every transaction you make using a debit or credit card, even your entrance to your place of work, creates data. It begs the question: How much data do you generate each day? Many studies have been conducted on this, and the numbers are staggering: Estimates suggest that nearly 1 million bytes of data are generated every second for every person on earth.

As the volume of data increases, information professionals have looked for ways to use big data—large, complex sets of data that require specialized approaches to use effectively. Big data has the potential for significant rewards—and significant risks—to healthcare. In this Discussion, you will consider these risks and rewards.

Also Read:

Discussion: The Application of Data to Problem-Solving NURS 6051

Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker NURS 6051

Interaction Between Nurse Informaticists and Other Specialists NURS 6051

NURS 6051 Assignment: The Impact of Nursing Informatics on Patient Outcomes and Patient Care Efficiencies

To Prepare this Discussion: Big Data Risks and Rewards NURS 6051:

Review the Resources and reflect on the web article Big Data Means Big Potential, Challenges for Nurse Execs.
Reflect on your own experience with complex health information access and management and consider potential challenges and risks you may have experienced or observed.
Discussion: Big Data Risks and Rewards NURS 6051

By Day 3 of Week 5

Post a description of at least one potential benefit of using big data as part of a clinical system and explain why. Then, describe at least one potential challenge or risk of using big data as part of a clinical system and explain why. Propose at least one strategy you have experienced, observed, or researched that may effectively mitigate the challenges or risks of using big data you described. Be specific and provide examples.

By Day 6 of Week 5

Respond to at least two of your colleagues* on two different days, by offering one or more additional mitigation strategies or further insight into your colleagues’ assessment of big data opportunities and risks Discussion: Big Data Risks and Rewards NURS 6051.

*Note: Throughout this program, your fellow students are referred to as colleagues.

Discussion: Big Data Risks and Rewards NURS 6051 Example 1

Big Data in nursing practice has no unified definition. However, the baseline meaning of Big Data corresponds to the enormous size of data regarding volume, velocity, variety, and veracity (Wong et al., 2016).

The advancement of technology and clinical research studies has increased the amount of data handled in every facet of nursing practice. The use of big data in the clinical system has potential benefits and risks. This paper will discuss the potential benefits and risks associated with the utilization of big data in nursing clinical systems and propose one strategy to prevent the risks.

Potential Benefit of Using Big Data

In the nursing practice, big data sources include the nursing clinical research findings, patient medical records, and results of clinical examination and laboratory investigations, including imaging. The application of big data concepts in the healthcare industry aims at improving the quality of healthcare outcomes by revolutionizing and modernizing healthcare practice (Agrawal & Prabakaran, 2020).

Including technology in handling big data in nursing and clinical research has potential benefits for future healthcare. Analysis and utilization of big data will positively impact healthcare quality by increasing its effectiveness while reducing costs.

Secondly, insight descriptive analysis of big data yields diagnostic data that result in predictive outcomes. The predictive outcomes yield prescriptive results that lead to smarter and cost-effective health outcomes (Dash et al., 2019).

This can happen in four different ways: early risk factor determination; early determination of markers or signals of adverse situations of disease or intervention; timely decision making based on analyzed past data; and ability to predict future outcomes of diseases (Pastorino et al., 2019). Through these four ways, big data ensures timely diagnosis and effectiveness of interventions, improved patient safety and pharmaco-vigilance, and disease prevention.

Scrutinizing big data differs from a secondary healthcare data analysis in the health setting. The intention of big data analysis and utilization of this data with undiscovered scope or size is to answer certain research questions and uncover certain disease conditions that are yet to be fully epidemiologically described. Therefore, big data has the potential of changing the course and practice of medicine and nursing by making them more preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic (Ienca et al., 2018).

Potential Challenge or Risk of Using Big Data

Despite the described benefits of big data, it is still unclear whether it is the answer to the limited quality of care delivery and access faced in different global contexts. The concept of unmeasured confounding makes determinations of the statistical associations in causations Discussion: Big Data Risks and Rewards NURS 6051.

The increase in the size of data increases the chances of biases in data sets and making inferences from the analyzed big data. Various other confounders can cause a high variation in correlations from the big data analyses. As a new concept of data mining and utilization in the clinical system, big data analysis will require specialized advanced technology and skills that are yet to be widespread among clinical researchers and clinicians (Wong et al., 2016).

Further, digital maturity in healthcare lags compared to other fields (Suter-Crazzolara, 2018). There are ethical implications and violations that come with the utilization of big data, such as privacy, gender discrimination, and data protection (Alexandru et al., 2018). A study by Ienca et al. (2018) suggests a solution to the ethical challenges that entails scrutinizing biomedical research using big data regarding social benefits, data control, accountability, purpose, ability, and intention to share. While solvable, the methodological and ethical risks that come with the utilization of big data tend to require proper scrutinization.

Conclusion

The big data concept implies the enormous volume, veracity, and velocity of ever-increasing data available in biomedical research and data analysis Discussion: Big Data Risks and Rewards NURS 6051.

The benefit of the utilization of big data would reduce the cost of healthcare while increasing its effectiveness and timeliness of care. However, there still exist challenges of technical limitations and risks of ethical violations in big data use, which, alongside the apparent lag in big data usage in clinical settings, might jeopardize future integration into nursing practice.

Discussion: Big Data Risks and Rewards NURS 6051 References

Agrawal, R., & Prabakaran, S. (2020). Big data in digital healthcare: lessons learned and recommendations for general practice. Heredity, 124(4), 525-534. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41437-020-0303-2

Alexandru, A., Radu, I., & Bizon, M. (2018). Big Data in Healthcare – Opportunities and Challenges. Informatica Economica, 22(2/2018), 43-54. https://doi.org/10.12948/issn14531305/22.2.2018.05

Dash, S., Shakyawar, S., Sharma, M., & Kaushik, S. (2019). Big data in healthcare: management, analysis, and future prospects. Journal Of Big Data, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-019-0217-0

Ienca, M., Ferretti, A., Hurst, S., Puhan, M., Lovis, C., & Vayena, E. (2018). Considerations for ethics review of big data health research: A scoping review. PLOS ONE, 13(10), e0204937. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204937

Pastorino, R., De Vito, C., Migliara, G., Glocker, K., Binenbaum, I., Ricciardi, W., & Boccia, S. (2019). Benefits and challenges of Big Data in healthcare: an overview of the European initiatives. European Journal Of Public Health, 29(Supplement_3), 23-27. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz168

Wong, H., Chiang, V., Choi, K., & Loke, A. (2016). The Need for a Definition of Big Data for Nursing Science: A Case Study of Disaster Preparedness. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 13(10), 1015. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13101015

NURS 6051 Module 4: Technologies Supporting Applied Practice and Optimal Patient Outcomes (Weeks 6-8)

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Informatics Tools and Technologies [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Accessible player –Downloads– Download Video w/CC Download Audio Download Transcript

Learning Objectives

Students will:

Evaluate healthcare technology trends for data and information in nursing practice and healthcare delivery
Analyze challenges and risks inherent in healthcare technology
Analyze healthcare technology benefits and risks for data safety, legislation, and patient care
Evaluate healthcare technology impact on patient outcomes, efficiencies, and data management
Analyze research on the application of clinical systems to improve outcomes and efficiencies
Discussion: Big Data Risks and Rewards NURS 6051

Discussion: Big Data Risks and Rewards NURS 6051 Example 2

Adopting new healthcare technology as information technology also advances comes with big data. According to Dash et al. (2019), big data means the enormous amount of information created by adopting technologies that collect patients’ records, which require new technology to capture, store, analyze, and assist decision-making, optimize processes, and manage hospital performance.

Big data may have different potential benefits and challenges. However, some strategies can be used to overcome the risks. This discussion presents the potential benefits and challenges of using big data as part of a clinical system and the reasons behind these potential benefits or challenges. It will also propose a strategy to mitigate big data’s potential challenges or risks effectively.

The potential benefits of having big data as a part of a clinical system include improved research and better patient care. As mentioned earlier, big data means enormous amounts of information. When researchers have large volumes of information, they are more likely to collect enough data for medical research.

Hassan et al. (2019) note that big data enhances better and more unbiased medical research since there is enough data from which to draw conclusions. In addition, big data in clinical systems can lead to better patient care in that adequate data volumes mean a better understanding of current patient care services. According to Shilo et al. (2020), big data enables healthcare administrators to understand patient care experiences better, thus improving them.

The potential challenges and risks of using big data in clinical systems include privacy and security issues and lack of the required talent/skillset. Big data entails patients’ personal/medical information. Thew (2016) notes that access to patient data by unauthorized persons may lead to privacy and security issues as the data can be used for phishing and scams, among other malicious intentions. In addition, managing and analyzing big data requires a certain skill set, which is a significant challenge. A combination of statistical, medical, and information technology knowledge is needed to apply big data solutions, which is hard to find.

One strategy to mitigate the risks of using big data in clinical systems is robust data privacy and security safeguards. These safeguards include biometric verification, passwords, firewall installation, and the development of institutional policies for data protection. The other strategy is providing comprehensive and quality data training for the personnel to manage big data in an institution. Therefore, using the proposed strategies will help overcome big data risks and enable an institution to enjoy big data benefits.

Discussion: Big Data Risks and Rewards NURS 6051 References

Dash, S., Shakyawar, S. K., Sharma, M., & Kaushik, S. (2019). Big data in healthcare: management, analysis and future prospects. Journal of Big Data, 6(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-019-0217-0

Hassan, M. K., El Desouky, A. I., Elghamrawy, S. M., & Sarhan, A. M. (2019). Big data challenges and opportunities in healthcare informatics and smart hospitals. Security in Smart Cities: Models, Applications, and Challenges, 3-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01560-2_1

Shilo, S., Rossman, H., & Segal, E. (2020). Axes of a revolution: challenges and promises of big data in healthcare. Nature Medicine, 26(1), 29-38. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0727-5

Thew, J. (2016, April 19). Big data means big potential, challenges for nurse execs. Accessed 21st June 2023 from https://www.healthleadersmedia.com/nursing/big-data-means-big-potential-challenges-nurse-execs

HealthIT.gov. (2018c). What is an electronic health record (EHR)? Retrieved from

https://www.healthit.gov/faq/what-electronic-health-record-ehr

Rao-Gupta, S., Kruger, D. Leak, L. D., Tieman, L. A., & Manworren, R. C. B. (2018). Leveraging interactive patient care technology to Improve pain management engagement. Pain Management Nursing, 19(3), 212–221.

Skiba, D. (2017). Evaluation tools to appraise social media and mobile applications. Informatics, 4(3), 32–40.

Also Read: Assignment: Evidence-Based Project, Part 2: Advanced Levels of Clinical Inquiry and Systematic Reviews

Discussion: Big Data Risks and Rewards NURS 6051 Example 3

Technology advancements have revolutionized healthcare delivery. Big data entails widely implemented technology, focusing on increasing efficiency in care delivery. An example of big data is electronic health records widely applied in all healthcare facility departments. These technologies convey risks and advantages, and this essay addresses the advantages and rewards of big data in healthcare.

One of the potential benefits of big data is improved decision-making (Ngiam & Khor, 2019). Decisions made are high-quality and big data improves access to information and analytics. Big data helps provide a patient health history and analytics such as prevalence, incidences, and rates without much hustle. The information and analytics help make better care decisions hence better outcomes.

Ngiam and Khor (2019) note that big data also enhances healthcare data organization, making it easy to retrieve and utilize. Patient information is significant, and big data integration in the healthcare system allows individuals to organize information appropriately for more efficient care. For example, nurses can categorize patients based on age or diagnosis for easier management.

One potential risk of big data use is incompetent data analysis risks (Ngiam & Khor, 2019). Healthcare decisions primarily rely on analyzed data for decision-making. Big data provide an efficient way for data analysis. However, mistakes in the analysis process may lead to significant problems due to poor inferences and bad decisions based on wrong analysis.

Vigilance is thus necessary to prevent such problems. Data privacy issues are also a common problem with Big Data in healthcare (Ngiam & Khor, 2019). External attackers often target data from these systems and can access patient data for personal use, which is against privacy rules and regulations.

Intrusion detection and encryption software are essential strategies for ensuring the security and privacy of healthcare data (Price & Cohen, 2019). These strategies help prevent intruders from accessing the systems and also help ensure intruders who access the systems are detected and action against their activity implemented.

My current institution uses multiple data systems to ensure data analyzed is correct. Analysis using different systems helps establish data consistency and reliability. Big data integral in healthcare systems are vital and covey benefits such as better decision making. However, issues such as privacy and security breaches affect the technologies. Strategies such as intrusion detection can help address these risks.

References

Ngiam, K. Y., & Khor, W. (2019). Big data and machine learning algorithms for healthcare delivery. The Lancet Oncology, 20(5), e262-e273. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30149-4

Price, W. N., & Cohen, I. G. (2019). Privacy in the age of medical big data. Nature Medicine, 25(1), 37-43. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0272-7