In 1992, Fleming and Mills came up with a theory of teaching named VARK – Visual, Aural, Read/Write, and Kinesthetic theory that adequately captured the needs and the experiences of students and teachers. In nursing, VARK is a critical learning tool that helps students effectively translate theory learning into practice (Mozaffari et al., 2020). This style of learning caters to the needs of different learners by making what has been learned in the classroom a reality.
As the name suggests, VARK uses visual learning, the depiction of information using pictures, diagrams, and any pictorial representations. Similarly, VARK uses aural learning, which is the learning through hearing and speaking. Concerning reading and writing, which happen the most important models of learning, the model encourages extensive student immersion. Lastly, VARK also uses kinesthetic learning, the use of practice and experiences, whether real or simulated to achieve the desired learning goals.
Learners have their preferred learning styles which is often determined by numerous factors such as one’s physical and mental status, the level of preparedness for learning, and personal likes and dislikes. According to Chiang (2017), the identification of the appropriate learning styles impacts how teachers impart knowledge to students and the overall student outcome. The VARK questionnaire is a learning tool that aids learning by suggesting to learners the best strategies they should use. For example, individuals with a strong affinity for visual presence will often go for learning modes that contain a lot of spacing, charts, diagrams, plans, maps, and graphs. Other learners simply prefer listening to their teachers, while others prefer the reading and writing modality of teaching.
Having answered all the VARK questionnaire questions in the link provided, I chose to learn styles that resonated well with me. The chosen styles are reading and writing, and visual styles of learning. The fact that I prefer two models of learning makes me multimodal rather than unimodal. Concerning visual learning mode, this mode of learning resonates with me because being a medical student, much of what I learn in theory must be translated into practice. Turning theory into images such as pictures, graphs, and charts is critical for me as a learner.
Concerning reading and writing, I prefer this approach of learning because it empowers me to deeply comprehend what I am taught by being able to write down notes and read them later. Through reading, I can analyze, evaluate, and dissect the teacher’s notes. Similarly, reading gives me the ability to conduct further research on a subject by doing further reading or analysis of the literature. For me, this modal of learning makes it easier to remember and memorize lessons easily. When I write down notes, I can easily recall what I have written much easier than what I have heard.
This is a type of learning characterized by the use of images, colors, drawings, maps, charts, graphs, and any other form of pictorial representation. A visual learner has numerous characteristics that endear him/her to visual learning. Some of the characteristics that define visual learners include being observant, has a liking for colors, enjoys going through maps, charts, pictures, and graphs. These types of learners need to physically see/examine a teacher’s body language and facial expressions to understand better what is being taught.
This is a type of learning where students learn through physical activities rather than watching demonstrations or listening to teachers lecturing. In Kinesthetic learning, a teacher can use a variety of physical activities to enhance learning. Some of the most important strategies of kinesthetic learning include role plays, body mapping, drawing, webbing, mind mapping, and story mapping (Hernandez et al., 2020). Other common techniques under kinesthetic learning are using certain computer technologies that allow a learner’s body to move while learning. Physical activities such as drama, sports, and dance can be used to bring out the best learning results for learners who prefer this type of learning model.
This is a learning style characterized by learners acquiring information/knowledge through hearing what they are taught and giving back answers by speaking. Thus, hearing and listening form the core pillars of aural learning. For example, a teacher passes information to learners through lectures and an auditory learner learns what he/she’s taught through hearing and listening (Amaniyan et al., 2020). Such learners depend on remembering what they heard from their teachers but also have the opportunity to speak, answering questions or asking questions. Excellent examples of auditory learning include humming, reading out loudly, or talking to oneself.
Learning styles have a direct impact on learning outcomes. However, each student has their preferred model of learning that resonates well with their personalities, ability, the level of intelligence, perception, and attitudes towards learning. Each learner experiences the learning process differently even if the learning environment is the same. This factor means that even in the same learning environment, students do not experience the same quality or level of learning. In a learning environment where a teacher prefers the reading and writing teaching model, students with high affinity to this learning style have an advantage over those who prefer other models (Leasa & Corebima, 2020). The same is true for other learning styles. It is incumbent on a teacher to develop a combination of teaching styles that appeal to all learners.
While it is difficult to meet the need of every learner, teachers must identify the learning styles preferred by each student. This act helps the teacher to create a teaching plan that caters to the need of all learners. This way, all students experience the same quality and level of teaching. Another critical reason for teachers to understand the learning styles of individuals is because preferred learning styles have a significant influence on student’s behavior. Noteworthy is that learning is not just about academic performance but also a means of molding learner’s behavior to turn them into responsible human beings. Behavior is a critical factor in learning and must be incorporated for better outcomes.
VARK is a critical learning tool that helps teachers to identify learner’s preferred learning styles. While some students do well with aural learning style, other students may prefer visual, reading/writing, or kinesthetic learning style. It is the duty of teachers to identify their learners preferred ‘learnings styles and create an effective teaching plan that addresses the need of every student. Even in the same learning environment, students do not experience the same quality or level of learning which means that some may lag. For this reason, it is incumbent on teachers to ensure that all learners get the best through inclusivity.
Amaniyan, S., Pouyesh, V., Bashiri, Y., Snelgrove, S., & Vaismoradi, M. (2020). Comparison of the Conceptual Map and Traditional Lecture Methods on Students’ Learning Based on the VARK Learning Style Model: A Randomized Controlled Trial. SAGE Open Nursing, 6, 2377960820940550. https://doi.org/10.1177/2377960820940550
Chiang, Y. C., Chen, C. H., Liao, Y. C., & Liao, C. W. (2016). A Study on Investigating Learning Styles and Skills Learning Motivations for Mechanical Department Students in Vocational High Schools. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 6(11), 851. DOI:10.7763/ijiet.2016.v6.804
Hernandez, J. E., Vasan, N., Huff, S., & Melovitz-Vasan, C. (2020). Learning Styles/Preferences Among Medical Students: Kinesthetic Learner’s Multimodal Approach to Learning Anatomy. Medical Science Educator, 30(4), 1633-1638. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-020-01049-1
Leasa, M., & Corebima, A. D. (2017). Emotional Intelligence among Auditory, Reading, and Kinesthetic Learning Styles of Elementary School Students in Ambon-Indonesia. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 10(1), 83-91. https://www.iejee.com/index.php/IEJEE/article/view/301
Mozaffari, H. R., Janatolmakan, M., Sharifi, R., Ghandinejad, F., Andayeshgar, B., & Khatony, A. (2020). The relationship between the VARK learning styles and academic achievement in Dental Students. Advances In Medical Education And Practice, 11, 15. https://doi.org/10.2147%2FAMEP.S235002
Learning styles represent the different approaches to learning based on preferences, weaknesses, and strengths. For learners to best achieve the desired educational outcome, learning styles must be considered when creating a plan. Complete “The VARK Questionnaire,” located on the VARK website, and then complete the following:
In a paper (750-1,000 words), summarize your analysis of this exercise and discuss the overall value of learning styles. Include the following:
Cite to at least three peer-reviewed or scholarly sources to complete this assignment. Sources should be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Course Resources if you need assistance.
Collapse All Rubric CriteriaCollapse All
Personal Learning Styles According to VARK Questionnaire
20 points
Criteria Description
Personal Learning Styles According to VARK Questionnaire
20 points
Personal learning style according to the VARK questionnaire is identified and described in detail. Summary offers examples that display personal insight or reflection.
Preferred Learning Strategies
20 points
Criteria Description
Preferred Learning Strategies
20 points
Personal learning strategy is clearly described. A comparison of current preferred learning styles and VARK identified learning styles is detailed. Overall discussion demonstrates insight into preferred learning strategies and how these support preferred learning styles.
Learning Styles
20 points
Criteria Description
Learning Styles (Effect on educational performance and importance of identifying learning styles for learners as an educator)
20 points
Importance of learning styles for a learner, and importance of educator identifying individual learning styles and preferences when working with learners, is thoroughly discussed. The importance of learning styles for learners participating in healthy promotion, and identifying them as an educator, is clearly established. Strong rationale and evidence support discussion.
Learning Styles and Health Promotion
20 points
Criteria Description
Learning Styles and Health Promotion (learning styles and importance to achieving desired outcome for learners, learning styles and effect on behavioral change, accommodation of different learning styles in health promotion)
20 points
Understanding the learning styles of individuals participating in a health promotion, and the correlation to behavioral change and achieving desired outcomes is discussed in detail. A strong correlation has been established. Accommodation of different learning styles is discussed. The narrative demonstrates insight into the importance of learning styles to health promotion and behavioral outcomes.
Thesis Development and Purpose
5 points
Criteria Description
Thesis Development and Purpose
5 points
Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.
Argument Logic and Construction
5 points
Criteria Description
Argument Logic and Construction
5 points
Clear and convincing argument that presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.
Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)
5 points
Criteria Description
Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)
5 points
Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)
2 points
Criteria Description
Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)
2 points
All format elements are correct.
Documentation of Sources
3 points
Criteria Description
Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)
3 points
Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.
Your VARK Results
Your scores were:
Your learning preference:Mild Kinesthetic
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People with your preference like:
practical exercises, experiences, examples, case studies, trial and error, things that are real, …Full information about your preference is available in your VARK Academic Profile or Business Profile (US$10.57).
View Example Profile
Use the following helpsheet for strategies that apply to your VARK preference:
Next, fill in the Current Strategies Questionnaire to find out whether the learning strategies you currently use are the best for your learning preference.
The World Health Organization ascribes the social domain of health as an important determinant of an individual’s well-being. The social determinants of health (SDOH) are economic and social factors that influence the health of an individual or a group of people (Schroeder et al., 2019). The distribution of social and economic conditions contributes to health disparities between rich and poor people. While focusing on a specific family, this paper aims to provide insight into the SDOH, appropriate health-promoting activities, and a health model that lays out a concrete plan for carrying out the activities.
The SDOH has an impact on John’s family, just like it does on any other family. SDOH components affecting the family include economic stability, healthcare and quality, social and community context, education, neighborhood, and the environment. John is a structural engineer, and her wife is an accountant at a five-star restaurant nearby. When they pool their resources, they are capable of providing basic needs such as food, clothing, housing, health, and education to their children. In terms of literacy, John and his wife have completed tertiary education. Their perception of health is positive, as evidenced by Anne having a cervical cancer screening and John taking his antihypertensive medications and monitoring his blood pressures daily.
The neighborhood and environment in which they live are urban. The city has a consistent supply of safe drinking water and electricity, residents rarely suffer from illnesses caused by contaminated water. The only issue may be the continuous air pollution caused by gases emitted by motor vehicles and the numerous factories in the area. In the long run, the emitted gases may endanger the family of respiratory illnesses.
In terms of healthcare and quality, the city is brimming with health facilities offering diverse services, as Anne discovers when she walks into a cervical cancer screening clinic. Furthermore, the surrounding community is supportive, with numerous health-promoting facilities such as gyms, swimming pools, and football fields. However, as evidenced by their sedentary lifestyle, John’s family does not routinely use the resources that put them at risk of diseases like hypertension, which John has, and obesity, which his wife has.
Health promotion encompasses a wide range of activities and interventions aimed at lowering disease risks. While primary health prevention and promotion strategies aim to prevent disease before it occurs, secondary strategies aim to reduce the impact of a disease that has already occurred, which is accomplished through early disease detection and treatment to halt progression.
Tertiary strategies, on the other hand, seek to reduce disease complications and long-term effects (Kisling & Das, 2022). Because it aims to detect and treat diseases in their early stages, screening is a component of secondary health prevention and promotion. John, who has hypertension, may benefit from screening for the other components of metabolic syndrome, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and obesity. Measurements of lipid levels, random blood glucose levels, and body mass index are used to screen for hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, respectively.
Anne would benefit similarly from screening for other components of the metabolic syndrome, such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Furthermore, since her mother succumbed to cervical cancer, she had undergone a cervical cancer screening, which turned out negative. Obtaining Abi’s height and weight would be critical in calculating his body mass index, which determines whether he has a healthy weight or not. Moreover, due to Abi’s family’s history of metabolic syndrome, blood pressure, random blood sugar levels, and lipid levels must all be obtained. Sophy and Amor will be subjected to the same screenings as Abi. Because they live in a densely populated city with a recent high Covid19 transmission risk, all family members require a Covid-19 screening.
The health belief model is one of the earliest and most widely used models in matters of health prevention and promotion. The model focuses on an individual’s beliefs and how they impact their behaviors. The model encompasses six factors that impact an individual’s behavior. The factors include (1) perceived susceptibility, in which a person is subjectively aware of the risk of his illness, (2) perceived severity, in which a person is fully aware and feels the severity of his/her illness, and (3) perceived benefits, in which an individual consciously perceives the effectiveness of a behavior change, (4) perceived barriers, which define the obstacles to the action plan, (5) a cue to action which is a stimulus that prompts a decision-making process and (6) self-efficacy, which is the level of confidence a person obtains following achievement of their health promotion goals (Green et al., 2020). Concerning his family, John is aware that physical inactivity and alcohol consumption are risk factors for his illness-hypertension. He is also aware of the severity of his condition-hypertension-and has identified the barriers to achieving healthy blood pressure.
The vast majority of family-friendly interventions are behavioral. First, the family must engage in sweat-inducing physical activity for at least 30 minutes per day, five times per week, for a total of 150 minutes per week, as per the American Heart Association’s recommendation. Second, a dietary plan that meets the goals of John and Anne, as well as the children, is required. The DASH diet will benefit John, whereas Anne should avoid junk food and limit her calorie intake.
Reducing risk behaviors like alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking is an important step in family-centered health promotion and contributes significantly to the reduction of cardiovascular disorders (Perumareddi, 2019). Medication adherence and regular visits to a primary care physician by all family members are other effective prevention strategies. The family has health communication strategies in place, and the discussions take place during scheduled family time, usually at night, during meal times. Each member is allowed to contribute and express their opinion on the family’s health, as well as make suggestions on how to improve their health.
Whether health prevention and promotion are superior to curative interventions is still contentious. Due to the high prevalence of preventable diseases, it is prudent to prevent their occurrence or halt their progression in their early stages. This heralds the concept of different levels of health prevention, such as primary, secondary, and tertiary. Disease screening is a practice that aims to detect diseases at an early stage so that interventions can be implemented to prevent progression. This approach has significantly reduced morbidity from diseases such as cancer while also relieving patients of the financial burden that would have resulted from treating advanced disease.
Green, E. C., Murphy, E. M., & Gryboski, K. (2020). The health belief model. In The Wiley Encyclopedia of Health Psychology (pp. 211–214). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119057840.ch68
Kisling, L. A., & Das, J. M. (2022). Prevention Strategies. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537222/
Perumareddi, P. (2019). Prevention of hypertension related to cardiovascular disease. Primary Care, 46(1), 27–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2018.10.005
Schroeder, K., Garcia, B., Phillips, R. S., & Lipman, T. H. (2019). Addressing social determinants of health through community engagement: An undergraduate nursing course. The Journal of Nursing Education, 58(7), 423–426. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20190614-07
Select an ethnic minority group that is represented in the United States (American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian American, Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander). Using health information available from Healthy People, the CDC, and other relevant government websites, analyze the health status for this group.
In a paper of 1,000-1,250 words, compare and contrast the health status of your selected minority group to the national average. Include the following:
Cite at least three peer-reviewed or scholarly sources to complete this assignment. Sources should be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and public health content.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Course Resources if you need assistance.
Ethnicity is a medically relevant factor owing to its influence on one’s vulnerability to certain diseases, such as diabetes, as well as its influence on the age at which a disease occurs, such as breast cancer, which occurs at a relatively younger age in Blacks than in Whites. Poverty rates among ethnic minorities are significantly higher than among dominant racial groups, demonstrating the impact of ethnicity on an individual’s social status (US Census Bureau, 2021).
However, disparities in access to medical care exist across multiple contexts, including residence, gender, and age. The Hispanic population is an ethnic minority group that faces social disadvantages and thus suffers disproportionately from health issues when compared to other dominant racial groups (USDHHS, 2021). This group, however, is cognizant of their societal status and engages in health promotion activities to improve their physical and psychological health. This paper aims to describe this group in various contexts, such as health disparities, health barriers, health promotion activities, and cultural activities that may influence their health plan.
In terms of ethnic and racial fragmentation, the United States is very diverse. According to the 2019 US Census Bureau, the Hispanic population accounts for 18.4% of the total population of the United States, or 60.5 million people (US Census Bureau, 2020). The group includes people of Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish origins, with Mexicans constituting the majority (61.4%) of the population (US Census Bureau, 2020). More than half (55%) of the US Hispanic population lives in three states: California, Texas, and Florida, with California having the nation’s largest Hispanic population of approximately 145.57 million (World Population Review, 2022).
The statistics further show that 71.1% of Hispanics speak a language other than English (Us Census Bureau, 2020). In terms of health, this population’s life expectancy is 82.1 years, which is slightly higher than the projected 80.6 years for non-Hispanic Whites (US Census Bureau, 2020). Health in this group is influenced by cultural/language factors, access to preventive healthcare, and a lack of insurance coverage, with statistics showing that 18.7% of the Hispanic population were uninsured by 2019, which is higher than the 6.3% percent of the non-Hispanic population (US Census Bureau, 2020). The group’s low insurance rates exacerbate its disadvantages in accessing healthcare.
The population faces a high burden of health problems, which have been attributed to a variety of factors. Nota
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