Personality Types and Temperaments ($2) Introduction By the end of this article, you should be able to: Identify different personality types. Describe different types of personality traits. Disc ...

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Personality Types and Temperaments ($2)
Introduction By the end of this article, you should be able to:
Identify different personality types.
Describe different types of personality traits.
Discuss factors influencing personality Development.
Theories of personality types aim to classify' people into distinct categories. These categories are distinct, not continuous, which means that one is either on type or another. Personality types are sometimes referred to as personality styles. Ancient Greek philosophers described personality into four types. This classification was based on what they believed to be the dominant body fluid or 'humor' in one's blood, which they said corresponded to one's character. These types are:
Melancholic (depressed): Those with black bile in the body.
Sanguine (cheerful and optimistic): Those with bodies composed of excess blood.
Phlegmatic (unemotional or calm): Those with high levels of phlegm.
Choleric (irritable): Those with high levels of yellow bile in die body.
Temperament is defined as the emotional part of someone's character especially how likely they are to be happy, angry and so on, In psychology, it is the innate (inborn)aspect of an individual’s personality such as introversion or extroversion.
Type A and Type B personality theory
The type A and Type B personality theory is one that seeks to describe patterns of behaviour that have health implication. It classifies people into two types, namely type A and type B.
Type A individuals are described as very reactive, hard-driving (achievement oriented), and very impatient, as they easily get angered when they are kept waiting or delayed for long, time conscious, super motivated (they are in a continuous motion and attempt to do more than they are expected to), verbally aggressive and express self-doubt. They are more prone to heart disease because they smoke more, sleep less and drink more caffeinated drinks all of which are associated with the risk coronary heart disease. They are highly aroused by harassment, if challenged or threatened, which leads to physiological reactivity which increases their normal secretions, pulse rate and blood pressure leading to strokes and heart attacks. When they are angered their blood flow to the muscle s increases and reduces circulation to the internal organs like the liver, brain and arteries.
Type B individuals are easy-going, relaxed and calm. They are also:
less aroused or agitated
not prone to guilt
are very patient and are not agitated when delayed.
Introversion and extroversion
The trait of extroversion-introversion is central to human personality. Extroversion is the act, state or habit of being predominantly concerned with obtaining gratification from what is outside the self-Extroverts tend to enjoy human interactions and to be enthusiastic, talkative, assertive and gregarious. They take pleasure in activities that involve large social gatherings and are likely to enjoy time spent with peopl