Our Previous Essays

Helping Children with Special Needs ($2) Introduction By the end of this article, you should be able to: Discuss bow to identify', rehabilitate and refer children with special needs. Explain how to counsel children with special needs. Children with special needs are those whose performance, experiences or life patterns from, what is considered the norm. They may be children who are intellectually gifted or those severely challenged. These therefore, include children who are gifted, talen...

Management of Emotional and Psychological Problems ($2) Introduction Emotions are individual's subjective feelings and moods. The term applies to both physiological and behavioral responses to specific stimulus situations. The emotional and psychological problems that are commonly experienced by many people include anxiety, stress, depression, anger and grief. These emotions can negatively affect our lives if they are not well managed. Anxiety Anxiety is a state of mental uneasiness or co...

Personality Types and Temperaments ($2) Introduction By the end of this article, you should be able to: Identify different personality types. Describe different types of personality traits. Discuss factors influencing personality Development. Theories of personality types aim to classify' people into distinct categories. These categories are distinct, not continuous, which means that one is either on type or another. Personality types are sometimes referred to as personality styles. Ancie...

Roles of Early Childhood Education Trainers, Teachers and Parents in Guidance and Counseling ($1) Introduction The role of trainers, teachers and parents in guidance and counseling is to develop in children the following qualities: A sense of honor and self control and to boost their self esteem. A genuine understanding of and differentiation between fact and fancy, that is, the ability to know who one is and what one wants. Truthfulness and honesty. This means discouraging all types of ...

Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory ($1) Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was a Viennese trained in neurology. He developed his theory of psychoanalysis while treating patients suffering from hysteria. Hysterical patients were hypnotized and encouraged to talk about earlier events. As they talked about their conflicts, they sometimes experienced an out-pouring of emotions, which marked the end to their symptoms. Freud's theory tries to explain personality on the basis of what happens in the subco...

General Techniques in Counseling ($2) Introduction By the end of this article, you should be able to explain the general techniques used in counselling. A technique is a method of doing or performing something. It should be noted that counselling techniques can hinder or promote die success of a counselling process. It is important for a counsellor to be well versed in good counselling techniques. The following are some techniques that a good counsellor could use when conducting a counsell...

Helping Children with Emotional and Developmental Challenges ($1) Introduction By the end of this article, you should be able to: Describe how to identify and refer children with, emotional and developmental challenges. Explain the behaviours portrayed by children with emotional and developmental challenges. Children with emotional and environmental challenges have been noted to portray various behaviours characterized by among others, aggression, bullying withdrawal, thumb sucking and h...

Ethics and Principles in Guidance and Counseling ($2)Introduction Ethics are moral principles or rules of behaviour for deciding what is right and wrong. Counselors endeavor to help clients develop personal systems of ethics, using counselling skills. The task of counseling is to give the counselee an opportunity to explore, discover and clarify ways of living in more satisfying and resourceful ways. Maintaining good standards of counseling involves continuing self-monitoring and self-develo...

Hans Eysenck's Two-Dimensional Model Theory and William Sheldon's Theory on Somatotypes ($1) Introduction Hans J. Eysenck (1916-1997) was a European psychologist who was the first to study personality using a method known as factor analysis. He maintained that one's personality can he understood in terms of only two basic dimensions, these are the Introversion-extroversion and stability-Instability (neurotism) dimensions. Eysenck suggested a biological basis for personality traits as he ...

Personality, Character Traits and Temperament ($1) DefinitionsPersonality It refers to the psychological characteristics of an individual that are general, enduring, distinctive, integrated and functional, and which make an individual unique from others. It can also be defined as the enduring behaviors’ that generalize beyond the immediate circumstances and help an individual to respond to the d...