Our Previous Essays

All Types of Microphones and Why Each Can Be Different From Others ($1) A microphone is a transducer that transforms or changes one type of energy to another; it transforms sound energy to electrical energy. This is known as audio signal. Some mics areunidirectionalmic, have a narrow more directional pickup pattern:-cardioids and super cardioids. They are in times used to describe different unidirectional pick up patterns. Omni directionalmics-these has no directionality since they pick up ...

Stages in the Counseling Process ($1) Introduction The first encounter with a client before any counselling session starts is of great importance. The first meeting sets the style and tone for the kind of interaction which will follow between the counsellor and the client. The counsellor should first and foremost establish a rapport with the client. Thereafter, the sessions will have to be conducted in line with the following stages: Building a relationship Responding or defining a proble...

Supportive and Referral Services ($1) Introduction By the end of this article, you should be able to: Identify referral institutions. Describe referral procedures. Discuss die issues and challenges that require referrals. It is common for counsellors to refer their clients to more experienced persons for further counselling. This is because they are not always equipped to meet every need of die counselee. There are times when a counsellor may not be able to handle some cases. Sometimes ...

Skills for Psychosocial Competence ($1) Introduction By the end of this article, you should be able to: Define life skills. State the importance and types of life skills. Describe the development of life skills. Discuss the methods used to enhance the acquisition of different life skills. A life skill is a person's ability to maintain a state of mental well-being. It can also be defined as a person's ability to deal effectively with the demands arid challenges of everyday life. Life sk...

Helping Children with Special Needs ($2) Introduction By the end of this article, you should be able to: Discuss bow to identify', rehabilitate and refer children with special needs. Explain how to counsel children with special needs. Children with special needs are those whose performance, experiences or life patterns from, what is considered the norm. They may be children who are intellectually gifted or those severely challenged. These therefore, include children who are gifted, talen...

Management of Emotional and Psychological Problems ($2) Introduction Emotions are individual's subjective feelings and moods. The term applies to both physiological and behavioral responses to specific stimulus situations. The emotional and psychological problems that are commonly experienced by many people include anxiety, stress, depression, anger and grief. These emotions can negatively affect our lives if they are not well managed. Anxiety Anxiety is a state of mental uneasiness or co...

Personality Types and Temperaments ($2) Introduction By the end of this article, you should be able to: Identify different personality types. Describe different types of personality traits. Discuss factors influencing personality Development. Theories of personality types aim to classify' people into distinct categories. These categories are distinct, not continuous, which means that one is either on type or another. Personality types are sometimes referred to as personality styles. Ancie...

Roles of Early Childhood Education Trainers, Teachers and Parents in Guidance and Counseling ($1) Introduction The role of trainers, teachers and parents in guidance and counseling is to develop in children the following qualities: A sense of honor and self control and to boost their self esteem. A genuine understanding of and differentiation between fact and fancy, that is, the ability to know who one is and what one wants. Truthfulness and honesty. This means discouraging all types of ...

Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory ($1) Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was a Viennese trained in neurology. He developed his theory of psychoanalysis while treating patients suffering from hysteria. Hysterical patients were hypnotized and encouraged to talk about earlier events. As they talked about their conflicts, they sometimes experienced an out-pouring of emotions, which marked the end to their symptoms. Freud's theory tries to explain personality on the basis of what happens in the subco...

General Techniques in Counseling ($2) Introduction By the end of this article, you should be able to explain the general techniques used in counselling. A technique is a method of doing or performing something. It should be noted that counselling techniques can hinder or promote die success of a counselling process. It is important for a counsellor to be well versed in good counselling techniques. The following are some techniques that a good counsellor could use when conducting a counsell...