Kohlberg's theory of moral development is composed of three levels, each of which has two stages, which are more advanced forms of moral reasoning (Sigelman & Rider, 2021). These stages describe h ...

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Kohlberg's theory of moral development is composed of three levels, each of which has two stages, which are more advanced forms of moral reasoning (Sigelman & Rider, 2021). These stages describe how people move from being self-absorbed to being principled in their reasoning.
The first level is preconventional morality, which is comprised of stages one and two. The first stage called the Punishment-and-Obedience Orientation, is distinguished by the fact that moral reasoning is based solely on the
consequences. At this stage, people make moral decisions based on whether one is going to be penalized; the severity of the penalty is
proportional to the degree of the offense (Sigelman & Rider, 2021). The second stage, Instrumental Hedonism, is the use of rules to achieve certain benefits or fulfill needs. People at this stage show essential consideration for others, but mainly from a transactional perspective, following a "you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours" mentality.
The second level is the Conventional Morality that is in the stage 3 and 4. Stage 3, termed "Good Boy" or "Good Girl" Morality, focuses on pleasing others and gaining their approval. At this stage, people look at the intentions of others and affirm a straightforward principle of doing unto others as one would wish to be done to the
m (Sigelman &a