1. Handling Conflicts in Parallel Databases with Different Queries Generally, when there is concurrency of many transactions in a database running different queries simultaneously, there is often a c ...

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1. Handling Conflicts in Parallel Databases with Different Queries
Generally, when there is concurrency of many transactions in a database running different queries simultaneously, there is often a conflict as the different transactions contend for using the same data resources. They usually arise when one query alters the data in the database while another either reads that data or alters it. To deal with these conflicts, databases employ locking, versioning, and multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) techniques. Locking avoids other queries to access data being used simultaneously, though it may take much time if locks are held for a long time. Instead, MVCC provides different versions of the data, which is a great help when the reader and th